A 17-day-old female Holstein calf exhibited the following neurological symptoms : the calf bent its neck to the left，turning its face backward and could stand alone，but would fall within a short time. Neurological examination further revealed losses of pupillary light reflex，menace response，palpebral reflex，and hearing on the right side. After administration of dexamethasone and vitamin B₁，the calf was able to walk on day 7 after the onset of symptoms ; however，the head tilting and circling to the left could not be normalized，and the calf showed no improvement in neurological symptoms. The calf was euthanized on day 7，and pathological changes were examined. An abscess (diameter，1 cm) was found on the right side of the vertical section of the pons，and Fusobacterium necrophorum was cultivated from the abscess. The clinical symptoms，including head tilting to the left and hearing disturbance，were thought to be caused by the abscess pressing on cranial nerves，including the vestibulocochlear nuclei.

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An 8-month-old Holstein heifer presented with difficulty in standing. Bovine leukosis was suspected because of the enlargement of the right mandibular lymph node; however，this could not be confirmed by fine needle aspiration of the lymph node and blood examination. A postmortem examination revealed that neoplastic masses compressed the spinal cord and nerves at the atlas and thoratic vertebra. A histopathological examination revealed the mass to be B-cell lymphoma based on BLA-36 positivity，but antibodies against bovine leukemia virus were not detected. The case was diagnosed as an atypical sporadic type of bovine leukosis.

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Pathological and virological examinations were performed on a four-month-old Japanese Black calf developing many papular lesions on the ventral aspect of the tongue and gingiva. The lesions were characterized by epithelial proliferation with swelling，vacuolation and eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in the cells composing the outer part of the prickle cell layer and granular layer. Parapoxvirus antigens and parapoxvirus-like particles were immunohistochemically and electron microscopically found in the lesions. The viral DNA detected from the lesions by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was classified into bovine papular stomatitis virus by nucleotide sequencing or restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the PCR product. Based on the results，the disease was diagnosed as bovine papular stomatitis.

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A cross-bred female calf was examined for a hip anomaly. The calf was delivered stillborn with assistance. Necropsy revealed a lack of lumbar，sacral and coccygeal vertebrae， with the ileum of both sides adhering to each other and narrow coxae. In a bone specimen，T12 had two arcus in front and back，and T13 had a sword shaped vertebral body independently. Bilateral hydronephrosis and hypoplasia of the sexual organs were noted in the pelvic viscera. Based on these results，the calf was diagnosed with Perosomus elumbis.

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A 10-month-old， Flat-Coated Retriever presented with difficulty walking associated with a stagger. A neurologicaｌ examination revealed a loss of proprioception of the hindlimb and hypermetria. An MRI and myelography showed a bulbous expansion of the subarachnoid space at the cranial C3 position，consistent with diagnosis of an arachnoid cyst. Marsupialization surgery of the arachnoid cyst was performed. Disappearance of the arachnoid cyst and improvement in spinal compression were confirmed through post-surgical MRI. The dog in this case had an uncomplicated postoperative course with no recurrence in the 36 months following surgery.

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Corynebacterium ulcerans was isolated from a nasal swab specimen in a 15-year-old domestic cat from Shizuoka Prefecture with symptoms of chronic rhinitis. Other clinical symptoms were not in evidence，and the rhinitis could not be fully eradicated despite the use of sensitive antibiotics medication. Because of diphtheria toxicity，the owners and their dog were vaccinated. In the future， it will be necessary to consider the Zoonotic potential of Corynebacterium ulcerans.

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