To control the hereditary deficiency of red cell band 3 with spherocytosis inherited by an autosomal incomplete dominant mode in Japanese black cattle the dams were mated with assumptive non-carrier bulls. The dam genotypes were determined by the osmotic fragility of red cells and their offsprings, while the sire genotypes were supposed based on the previous production of affected offsprings. The definitive genotypes were determined by the causal DNA mutation. Out of 12 calves produced by mating of heterozygous parents before controlling, two were affceted. After the genetic control however, there was no affected case in 9 calves produced. The gene frequencies were 54% and 22% before and after the control, respectively.

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Serum and urine electrolyte (Na⁺/IC⁺/Cl^-) concentrations and urine excretion volume were observed for 120min after infusion in heifers infused with hypertonic saline solution (HSS; 2, 400 mOsmol/kg·H₂O) as compared to those given isotonic saline solution (ISS; 300 mOsmol/kg·H₂O). Five minutes after infusion of 5ml/kg HSS a transient high-sodium levels (155.7±3.5 mmol/l) in serum was induced without persistent hypernatremia. After 15 ml/kg HSS infusion, however, hypernatremia (>160 mmol/l) was induced in all cases. Total urine volume in ISS-given heifers during the experiment period was 298.7±37.7m/. But it was progressively and significantly increased in those infused with 5 ml/kg or 15 ml/kg of HSS, reaching 3, 599.7±273.6 and 12, 193.7±1, 205.8ml, respectively. It was recommended that animals should be provided water after intravenous HSS infusion.

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A 4 day-old Holstein female calf was suspected to have cardiac anomaly by ausculation of cardiac murmur. Cardiac and biatrial ventricular enlargements were detected by X-ray and electrocardiogram, respectiveley, and holosystolic murmur over the both side thoraces was recorded by phonocardiogram, strongly suspecting the presence of the ventricular septal defect. Echocardiogram clearly showed ventricular septel defect, right ventricular enlargement with hypertrophic wall and over-riding of the aorta. Necropsy confirmed tetralogy of Fallot complicated with pulmonary stenosis and single coronary artery.

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Eight Formosan squirrels peracutely died showing facial swelling and nasal and oral bleeding, and hemolytic Streptococcus zooepidemicus was isolated. Histopathology revealed suppurative inflammation in the submaxillay glands and submandibular lymph nodes and fibrinous pneumonia with capillary and arterial thrombosis. Thrombosis was also detected in the coronary venous branches, hepatic sinusoids, splenic sinuses, renal glomeruli and cerebellar capillaries of two cases, and suppurative meningitis with bacterial embolism were present in the cerebrum and cerebellum of one case. These findings suggested that the port of entery was the salivary glands and regional lymph nodes via drinking water or food, resulting in systemic spread via the blood stream. With disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome.

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An 11-year-old male Persian cat with depression and anorexia showed severe nonregenerative anemia, neutrophilia, and monocytosis, and a number of blast cells and promonocytes appeared in the peripheral blood. Feline leukemia virus antigen and antibody to feline immunodeficiency virus were detected in serum, which was positive for direct Coombs' test. The bone marrow had an increased number of blast cells and marked depletion of erythroid precursors. The blast cells were positive for peroxidase while negative for nonspecific esterase. The immature cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow were morphologically suggested to be precursors of either granulocytes or monocytes. The case was diagnosed as acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4), that was negative for nonspecific esterase and rare in cats.

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Four of 5 litter-mate puppies that arrived at Nagoya Airport from Taiwan in October 1996, and were transported to Tokyo by car, died suddenly in 3 to 5 days without any clinical manifestation, and one of the dead cases was subjected to necropsy. Although no significant gross lesion was apparent, mild focal inflammation was observed in the left lung. Canine adenovirus 2 was isolated from the tonsil and left lung, and the amplification by PCR and cleavage with Hae III revealed that the restriction pattern of the isolate El region was identical to that of the Japanese wild strains.

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Natural and cultivated fresh water fishes in Kanagawa and Shizuoka Prefectures were investigated forMetagonimus yokogawaimetacercariae from 1995 to 1997. Infection was observed on Ayu from Sakawa, Haya and Fujiki Rivers in Kanagawa Prefecture and the infection rates were 73.7 to 87.1%. The numbers of metacercariae per infected Ayu were 12 to 348, Leuciscus hakonensisfrom Haya and Sakawa Rivers were found to be severely infected (87.0 to 100%), and the number of metacercariae per infected fish was 27 to 1, 247. No infection was observed in rainbow trouts from Haya and Fujiki Rivers, Five fish species from Kano and Raikou Rivers in Shizuoka Prefecture were infected, that is, Ayu (infection rate; 80%, number of parasites; 25 to 428), L. hakonensis(93.8 to 100%, 36 to 1, 257), Zacco platypus(46.6 to 56.7%, 16 to 269), Z. temmincki (76.3%, 24 to 198) and Phoxinus oxycephalus (100%, 49 to 165). No infections were detected in Rainbow trout, Bull trout, O. masou macrostomusandHemibarbus labeobarbus. Three of 212 (1.4%) Ayu cultivated using the well water were infected, while 142 of 223 (63.7%) cultivated fishes were infected using river water. The infection rate and number of metacercariae per infected fish increased in late autum. No infection was recognized in cultivated rainbow trout, Amago and Bull trout. Adult worms were obtained by infecting cats with metacercariae from every fish species, and all of them were identified as Metagonimus yokogawai, whereas there were morphological variations.

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From 9 of 18 fecal samples of patients of acute gastroenteritis collected during an outbreak in Shizuoka city in March 1996, small round structured virus (SRSV) genes were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Neither significant bacteria nor rota- and adenoviruses were detected. By analyzing the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), two patterns of RFLP were shown, suggesting a mixed infection of two genotypes of SRSVs, that is, Norwalk virus (genogroup I) and Snow Mountain agent (SMA)(genogroup II). The nucleotide sequences of some RT-PCR products showed that an SRSV strain similar to OTH/89/J belonging to genogroup II might be one of the causative viruses. The SRSV genes seemed to be most efficiently detectable by using 35/36 primers for the 1st PCR and NV81/NV82, SM82 primers for the nested PCR.

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Effect of mixed feed containing dextran (Dex) on Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) colonization was evaluated in chicks. In chicks fed 0.3% Dex after hatching and inoculated orally at 1 week of age cecal bacterial count was significantly lower than control at 7 days postinoculation. In chicks having treated with the competitive exclusion (CE)(0.2ml) at hatching and then with Dex, cecal bacterial count was significantly lower than control at 1 day after oral inoculation at 3 weeks of age.

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