Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association

A neoplasm was found in both eyes of an 8-yearsold Holstein cow produced in Japan. It developed in the nictitating membrane and extended all over the inner surface of the lower eyelid in the left eye. It was restricted to that membrane in the right eye. Cytological and histopathological examination revealed that it was squamous carcinoma. Carcinomatous cells infiltrated into the surrounding muscle layer, although no metastasis took place. There were a decrease in the leukocyte count and a shift to the left of the nuclei of neutrophils.

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Gas edema disease broke out on 5 farms located in different districts of chiba Prefecture over a period from May, 1974, to May, 1975, causing a fatality rate of 0.2-40%. It prevailed in the warm season from May to September. Broilers 3 to 7 weeks old and layers 120 days old died mostly in a few days after the onset of disease, having manifested anemia, depression and gangrenous dermatitis. Edematous exudate was always found in the subcutaneous tissue. In some cases were, seen fading of color of liver and spleen, hemorrhage of the proventricular mucosa, erosion of the gizzard, hemorrhage petechiae of the small intestine, and the pale bone marrow.
The serosanguineous exudate of the subcutaneous tissue contained large Gram-positive, spore-bearing rods and some cocci. Clostridium septicum was obtained from diseased chikens on 4 farms and Cl. perfringens typeA from those on 1 farm. Staphylococci were detected from chickens on all the farms involved.
Experimentally, Cl. septicum alone could produce a disease indistinguishable from that having occurred spontaneously, but S. aureus alone could not. Cl. septicum isolated was sensitive to penicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol, and resistant to colistinand polymixin B.

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