Since about 1960, hematuria has been enzootic mainly among dairy cows at the foot of Mt. Daisen in Tottori Prefecture. Eleven affected cows were observed clinically and examined pathologically.
1. All the cows had tumefacient changes in the urinary bladder. They were affected with transitional-epithelial carcinoma, hemangio-endothelioma, hemangioma, adenoma, and papilloma, which were present independently or in combination. Of these tumors, hemangioma was most frequent, being observed in 9 cows of the elven. It was followed by transitional-epithelial carcinoma, which was seen in 5 cows.
2. Cytodiagnosis was made on urine, washings of the bladder, and smears of the surface of phyma, in comparison with histological examination. I the cases of transitional-epithelial carcinoma and hemangio-endothelioma, it revealed the enlargement and polymorphism of the nucleus, an increase in amount fo chromatin, the irregular demarcation of the nucleus, an increase in number and size of nucleoli, and polynuclear formation. These changes corresponded almost perfectly to the malignant histological pitcure exhibited, and were of diagnostic value. The detection of heteromorphous cells was the most successful in direct smears or swabs of the surface of tumor, which was followed by washings of the bladder, urine collected by massage, and urine discharged spontaneously in the decreasing order listed.
3. In the case of hematuria in cattle, hemangioma was considered to be a main cause for hemorrhage which induced general anemia leading to a clinical course that made prognosis bad.
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