The data given in this paper were obtained from observations on the effect of dithiazanine on canine heartworm and present some evidences for the excellent microfilaricidal activities of this compound.
Dithiazanine was given orally or intravenously to dogs daily over a period of from 2 to 17 days. Elimination of microfilariae from the blood stream was demonstrated by oral administration of 40mg/kg b.i.d for 5 days, 200mg/kg in total, as well as 20 mg/kg a day for 4 days, 80mg/kg in total, 10mg/kg a day for 4 days, 40mg/kg in totaling and 5mg/kg a day for 7 days, 35mg/kg in total. However, the dosage of 2mg/kg a day for 17 days, or 34mg/kg in total, was not sufficient to eliminate the microfilariae. Intravenous administration with 0.5mg/kg a day for 2 days, 1mg/kg in total, resulted in complete elimination of the microfilariae and was superior to the oral administration method.
There was no evidence for any filaricidal effect of this compound on adult worms even when test dogs were treated with such doses 4.25 to 6 times as large as the microfilaricidal dose and given a lengthy post-treatment prior to examination. However, it was demonstrated that reproduction of microfilariae was inhibited by long-term treatment; Such side-effects as vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia were induced in dogs given a dose of 10mg/kg or more of dithiazanine by the oral route. No side-effects were observed in dogs given a dose of 5mg/kg or less by the oral, a dose of 0.5mg/kg by the intravenous route. No significant changes in hemogram, urinalysis, bromsulfalein test, and Takata's reaction were observed even in dogs which had received a considerably large dose, such as 20mg/kg a day, orally for 17 days, or such as 0.1-0.5mg/kg a day, intravenously for 18 days. From the results mentioned above, the oral administration of 5mg/kg a day or the intravenous administration of 0.5mg/kg a day appears to be a practical dosage for removing microfilariae without any side-effects.
Anthelmintic activities were not demonstrable in this compound against common intestinal parasites by intravenous dosages of O. 1-0.5mg/kg a day for 18 days, or 8.4mg/kg in total. However, a daily aral dose pf 2mg/kg or more given originally for the purpose of eliminating microfilariae resulted in the elimination of whipworms and hookworms.

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A preparation of posterior pituitary extract was administered to 67 cases of retention of placenta in parturient dairy cows. A dose of 15 to 20 mg of stilbestrol was administered prior to (1 to 15 hours before) or at the same time with intramuscular injection of 100 IU of posterior pituitary extract. The results were checked with 5 groups which had received the first or both injections 12 to 30 hours, 31 to 36 hours, 37 to 48 hours, 49 to 60 hours, and 61 hours or more post-partum, respectively.
1) Spontaneous expel of placenta which appeared until 96 hours post-partum was expressed as reaction (+ +); 2) cases in which manual removal of placenta was necessary and was completed quite easily until 96 hours post-partum were marked with (+); 3) cases in which spontaneous expel of placenta was completed until 5 to 7 full days post-partum or in which manual removal was completed easily within the same period was marked with (±); the remaining cases, in which spontaneous expel was completed within 8 lull days or later, or in which manual removal was not successful in 3 to 6 full days, were indicated by (-).
Of the 67 cases in total, 21 (31.3%) were ++; 18 (26.9%) +18 (26.9%), ±; and 10 (14.9%), -.In groups I to III, where the injections of stilbestrol and posterior pituitary extract were completed until 48 hours post-partum, the treatment was found to be likely effective in 72.3, 57.2, 60.0 percent, respectively, of the cows treated.

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From his bacteriological survey on milk plants, KODAMA reported that the positive rate of coliform bacteria was in the range of from 40 to 60 per cent among the plants examined. This result, when compared with that obtained from a survey conducted on the same subject by the health centers all over Gifu Prefecture, suggests that there is much to be improved in the milk plants in this prefecture.
The authors are in the opinion that sanitary treatment of milk in the milk plant must be preceded by careful Milking and handling of raw milk. In the present survey, investigation was carried out to find out where contamination had been caused in the process of treatment in the milk plant and where high frequency of occurrence of contamination was obtained. It was the purpose of this survey to get any data available for further guidance to the improvement of facilities and handling of milk.
In the survey, changes in bacterial counts during the process in the milk plant, and presence of coliform organisms on the fingers of plant workers and in milk-bottles and paper-covers. As a result, bacterial contamination was of low degree in milk plants with well-provided facilities, while it was marked in milk plants poorly equipped. When observed from changes in bacterial counts, the contamination with and multiplication of bacteria were closely related to the cooler and other facilities located beyond it in the process. Accordingly, it was presumed that there was something wrong in the disinfection of the cooler and such machines and apparatuses as set farther than the cooler in the process of milk-plant operation.
Recently, icecream and similar products have come into popular consumption very rapidly instead of ice-candy. According to the results of tests conducted on these products by the health centers of the prefecture in the course of the year 1958, there were a large number of samples which had been condemned on account of their substandard quality.Such being the case, the authors performed examinations in factories where these products were manufactured, with regard to the environments of factories, relationship between the capacity of machines and the yield of products, arrangement of machines and apparatuses when the manufacturing process was taken into consideration, presence of coliform bacteria on the fingers of plant employees, changes in bacterial counts during each step of the manufacturing process, contamination of machines and tools with coliform organisms, and the sanitary condition of using water. These examinations were expected to give any data on the basis of which an effective guidance might be feasible. In consequence, the results obtained seemed helpful in bringing about some improvement to the sanitary conditions of the industry concerned. It is questionable that only the guidance was attributable to the better milk hygiene. Further investigation should be directed to environmental factors and arrangement of machinery, together with the effort to realize more satisfrctory facilities in plants and factories.

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A goat inoculated with fixed virus of rabies was examined with various clinical tests and electrophoresis on serum protein. In this experiment changes and shifts in the results of these examinations were studid in connection with the development of disease in the goat. The following findings have been obtained.
1. When a goat was inoculated intracerebrally with fixed virus of rabies (Nishigahara strain); it became feverish after an incubation period of 2 to 3 days, the fever reaching its maximum in 3 to 4 days. In this stage, its respiration and pulse rates showed a remarkable increase in parallel to the elevation of body temperature. When the animal fell into collapse passing through the paralytic stage, there was a decrease in the respiration and pulse rates.
2. In blood tests, red blood corpuscles decreased in number in general. An increase in white blood cell count was noticed at the same time with onset of disease. In differential white blood cell counts, neutrophiles showed an increase in number, while lymphocytes decreased.
3. The total amount of serum protein increased gradually after the inoculation with fixed virus, reaching its maximum value at the peak of the febrile stage, but showed a little decrease when the animal fell in collapse after the paralytic stage.
When changes were observed in the fractions of serum protein by means of electrophoresis, albumin decreased and alpha- and beta-globulin increased in the final stage of disease. Gamma-globulin showed no definite tenency in its changes, although it decreased a little in the final stage of disease.
When these fractions were compared with regard to relative mobility, changes were noticed in and around the febrile stage. The electrophoretic distance began to increase a little in the febrile stage and was inclined to decrease gradually in the final stage of disease in alpha-globulin. It increased slightly only in the final stage of disease in beta-globulin. No marked changes were recognized in gammaglobulin throughout the course of disease.

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