Sulfathiazole, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, and sulfadimethoxine, each at the same concentration of 2.5 w/v%, were mixed together and administered into dogs by six different methods. Alpha-chymotrypsin was also used.
The blood level rose very quickly to an effective extent after intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or oral administration with 40 mg of mixed sulfonamides per kg of body weight. The decreasing rate of blood level 6 hours after administration was quite the same by any method.
The oral administration of the mixture showed a more rapid rise and longer duration of blood level than that of sulfadimethoxine performed in 1964.
When intravenous injections were combined with either subcutaneous or oral administration, the blood level rose quickly to an effective level. An initial dose of 50 mg/kg followed by some doses given by a combined method of intravenous and subcutaneous or oral administration was hopeful. Repeated administration of 30 mg/kg at 12 hours' intervals gave rise to an effective blood level.
About 1 mg of alpha-chymotrypsin was administered to a dog in conjunction with a sulfonamide, but showed no effect upon the blood level of the drug.

View full abstract

In ducks experimentally infected with coccidia, schizonts were observed 36 hours after infection. They were elliptic in shape and seemed to have nearly been completed.
Two morphologically different types of merozoites appeared 60 hours after infection. One type was large and arcuate and the other small and rod-shaped. The large and small merozoites were originated from the elliptic and radial schizonts, respectively.
A new type of schizonts was observed 60 hours after infection, showing that schizogony took place for two generations. Further investigation is required to clarify the significance of the two types of merozoites and the new type of schizonts in the life-cycle of coccidia in ducks.

View full abstract

In the Ami area of Ibaraki Prefecture, swine sera were collected and examined for virus-neutralizing (VN), complenient-fixing (CF), and hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibodies against Japanese B encephalitis (JBE) over five-month periods beginning in May every year from 1961 to 1965. In addition, similar antibody surveys were conducted on sera of small numbers of cattle, sheep, and goats in 1961 and 1962.
1. In all the years, except 1963, VN and HI antibodies turned positive in the swine sera when August came. This result suggests that inapparent infection of JBE virus broke out among swine at the end of June, in the middle of July, or later. In 1963, those antibodies turned pbsitive in the swine sera in September.
2. Antibodies turned positive in sera of cattle (in 1961 and 1962), sheep ad goats (in 1961) at such time as in swine sera. Ant ibody titers were generally lower in those sera than in swine sera.
3. In 1963 when antibody-positive swine sera appeared later than in any other year, outbreaks of JBE among human beings were much fewer and later than in any other year. Atmospheric temperature was found lower in that year than any other year.

View full abstract