An experiment on multiple pregnancy in ewes was carried out from August in 1957. Twenty five ewes were selected from among those which had been kept under the same conditions and were divided at random in to the experimental and the control groups. The experimental group was injected with pregnant-mare serum (PMS) four days before the next prospective estrus. All the ewes were bred in their estrus and conceived without exception. After parturition, they were observed on their behavior of nursing.
1) The optimum period of PMS injection is probably four days before the next prospective estrus, as all the ewes, except one, of the experimental group showed estrus two to five days, 3.3 days, on the average after injection and conceived on breeding.
2) The injection used was lyophilized fresh serum of pregnant mare. It was dissolved in distilled water and injected intramuscularly. Treated ewes showed no sign of allergic reaction.
3) The rate of occurrence of lamb twins was 29.4% in the control and 43.4% in the experimental group. In the statistical analysis, there is the difference of ratio between the two groups at 8.2% of significant level. Further investigation may be necessary to confirm a significant difference in twinlambing ratio.
4) It has already been demonstrated that the number of lambs is directly proportional to the dose administered. The dose of 500 I.U. of PMS, as employed in this experiment, seems to be adequate for the general purpose of obtaining lamb twins.
5) The term of gestation was a little shorter in the experimental group than in the control, but there is no significant difference between the two groups in statistical analysis. No significant differences were present between the groups in the sex, body weight, and survival of newborn lambs. A succeeding experiment is to be carried out in the next year.

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In order to find the best method to concentrate microfilariae in the test blood, acetic acid, acetone, saponine, formalin, benzarconium hydrochloride, and distilled water were examined for hemolytic action. Also technics for concentrating microfilariae were investigated. As a result, the following method was proved to be the best.
Prepare a solution of:
Filtrated methylene blue (0.5%) 5cc
Acetone 5cc
Sodium citrate 0.2g
Water 90cc
1) Put 9 cc of the soltion in a graduated centrifuge test tube.
2) Add 1 cc of the blood drawn from the radial vein of a dog.
3) Invert the test tube several times to mix the contents, the open end being covered with a finger.(This procedure preserves the contents for a long period at room temperature.)
4) Centrifuge 1500 rpm for 10 minutes.
5) Remove the supernatant fluid with a ru-bber-bulb pipette, leaving the same quantity of fluid, usually 0.05cc, as the sediment.
6) Pick up 0.1 cc of the sediment plus the remaining fluid with a pipette.
7) Examine microscopically the mixture mo-unted on a 24×32 mm cover glass.
Microscopic observation:
As shown in the picture on p., the sediment consists of leucocytes and microfilariae. The microfilariae are in an extended position and are stained with methylene blue.
The authors'experience has confirmed that this method will detect any small number of microfilariae so long as they exist in a dog, and that it is superior to any other method previously used.

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Experimental studies were made on the quality of tomato juice agar, plate count agar, and delta's fuchsin lactose agar for the detection and count of lactic bacteria in fermented milk and acidmilk drinks.The results obtained are summarized as follows.
1) Tomato juice agar is an excellent plate medium for the detection and count of lactic bacteria.
2) Plate count agar, as well as tomato juice agar, has a good qualility to favor the growth of lactic bacteria.It is difficult, however, to differentiate lactic bacteria from others by use of this medium. When B. C. P. is added to this medium at the rate of 0.006%, lactic bacteria change the color of the indicator used around a colony to yellow. Accordingly, the differentiation of lactic from non-lactic bacteria can be made comparatively with case.
3) Lactic streptococci grow selectively on Delta's fuchsin lactose agar and the growth of lactic bacilli and other bacteria is controlled on this medium.
4) From the results mentioned above, tomato juice agar and B. C. P.-added plate count agar are recommended for the direct plate count of lactic bacteria and Delta's fuchsin lactose agar is available for distinguishing bacilli from cocci.
5) With these media, t he detection and count of the estimated number of lactic bacteria were carried out in 10 samples of fermented milk and acid-milk drinks and the following results were obtained.
In fermented milk, the largest number of lactic bacteria was 72×10⁹/cc and the smallest 63×10⁸/cc, while in acid-milk drinks, the largest number was 24×10¹⁰/cc and the smallest 26×10⁵/cc.
In fermented milk, 3 of 4 Yoghurt samples contained Lact.bulgaricus as starter, and the remaining one contained Lact. bulgaricus and Str. lactis. Only one sample of fermented milk contained Lact. acidophilus as starter. In acid-milk drinks, 2 of 5 samples contained. Lact. bulgaricus and the remaining 3, Lact. acidophilus as starter.

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Recently grievances and petitions have been aroused by the inhabitants of Tokyo that pharmaceutical destruction of stray and ownerless dogs be carried out as they have been threatening people and domestic animals as well during night. According to the Rabies Prevention Law, however, no pharmaceutical destruction of strayed dogs shall be enforced except during the period which is officially announced from a special need for preventing the spread of rabies and eradicating the infected dogs. Such being the case, it has become necessary to capture dogs in a state of anesthesia by allowing them to have bait containing anesthetic perorally.
Experiments were performed on 513 dogs captured and passing the legal period of detention, with bait of meat containing each of 8 proprietary anesthetics, pentobarbital, phenol-barbital, barbital, orthopan, evipan, sulfonal, chloral hydrate, and brobarin. When a dog was given the following anesthetics in such doses as mentioned, it was anesthetized in 30minutes and waked up in 6 hours, without suffering death.
Single preparation: pentobarbital, 0.2 to 0.5g.
Mixed preparations:(1) pentobarbital plus brobarin, (2) pentobarbital plus evipan, and (3) pentobarbital plus orthopan, 0.3 to 0.5g each.
The results indicate that this form of capture using anesthetic is available for practical purposes.

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Nephrectomy was performed experimentally on healthy dogs and goats, totaling 22 There are two methods for nephrectomy. One is carried out extraperitoneally and the other through the peritoneum. The purpose of operation will decide which method is to be adopted in a particular case. In general, the latter seems to be advantageous.
The animal is laid down on the operating table with its side to be operated up. A pillow is inserted under its loin so that the kidney may easily be exposed during operation. Disinfection and anesthesia are conducted as usual. An incision 7 to 12 cm in length is made on the skin near the posterior border of the last rib and the inferior border of the musculus quadratus lumborum and obliquely toward the inferior part of the crest of the ilium. Then the abdominal muscles and the peritoneum are incised to enable the operator's hand enter the abdominal cavity to search for the kidney. The peritoneum covering the anterior surface of the kidney is broken and the adipose tissue enveloping the organ teased by his fingers. When the kidney becomes free in the broken tissue, it is made to slide out into the peritoneal cavity with its stalk protected by two fingers of the operator from breaking. The renal artery and vein and the ureter are separated individually, ligated at two sites, and cut off between the sites. After the kidney is removed, the incised area is closed as usual.
As contamination is very little in this surgical operation, any after-treatment is scarcely needed until the wound is healed.
An important point in this operation is to take scrupulous care not to break blood vessels in the teasing of the adipose capsules, removal of the kidney into the abdominal cavity, and separation of the renal vessels and ureter. When a large amount of internal hemorrhage occurs by cutting a vessel, the opening of the incision on the abdominal wall is enlarge quickly so that the operator's hand may be inserted in the abdominal cavity and may press the abdominal aorta against the vertebra. At the same time the bleeding is checked temporarily by Pean's forceps. The blood is wiped away from inside the abdominal cavity. Then, by loosening Pean's forceps slightly, sites of hemorrhage are detected. The cut end of the renal artery which has been found is ligated firmly and the hemorrhage is successfully checked.

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