This paper describes pathological features of 8 cattle presumably associated with Peaton virus (PEAV) infection in Okayama, Japan, from October 2016 to April 2017. Among those cattle, the case of an abortion had neither spinal curve nor arthrogryposis based on gross observations, while 7 calves exhibited congenital malformations. Immunohistochemical examinations revealed PEAV antigens in the cerebrum of 3 cases, including 1 aborted fetus and 2 cases with malformations. PEAV RNA was also detected in the brains of 2 cases, including the aborted fetus. In all 7 calves with malformations, relatively high titers of neutralizing antibodies against PEAV were detected. In addition, PEAV seroconversion was confirmed in sentinel cattle from September 2016 to November 2016 in Okayama. Although congenital malformations in the newborn calves associated with PEAV infections have previously been well documented in Japan, there is little information concerning the pathological features of abortion. This is the first report on an abortion presumably associated with PEAV infection.

An examination aimed at sex determination was carried out at Nihon University Animal Medical Center for a Holstein heifer with suspected hermaphroditism. Cytogenetic analysis of blood cells confirmed the presence of the Y chromosome (2n = 60, XY) in 95 cells, and molecular analysis revealed the presence of the Sex-determining region Y (Sry) gene in blood cells. Plasma testosterone (T) level was found to be low in a human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) blood test. The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level was 0.02 ng/ml. In a pathological examination, the existence was confirmed for ovaries, a uterus, a cervix and a vagina. The animal exhibited external genitalia that continued from the vagina, located 36 cm below the anus. The left ovary-like structure was interspersed with small follicle-like structures and seminiferous tubule-like structures. On the right side, in addition to the same findings as the left side, multiple large cystic structures were observed. Based on these results, the cow was diagnosed with true hermaphroditism (XY/female). When the T and AMH levels are low and do not respond to the hCG blood test, as in this case, it can be judged that there is no functional testis, and it is considered that there is no adverse effect (such as the deterioration of meat quality, management becomes difficult due to the expression of male character) even if fattening is implemented without treatment.

A 6-month-old, castrated, crossbred pig exhibited severe swelling and ectropion of bilateral eyelids at slaughter. A thorough examination of the pig, including its visceral organs, revealed no other significant lesions. Histopathologically, plasmacytoid neoplastic cells proliferated diffusely in sheets beneath the palpebral conjunctiva. The neoplastic cells tested positive for immunoglobulin light chain, heavy chain, and MUM1, and tested negative for CD3, CD79, and CD20. The present case was diagnosed with plasmacytoma based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry.