We examined the effects of interleukin-1 (IL-1), a product of macrophages on rat islet insulin secretory function using neonatal rat pancreatic monolayers. Rat IL-1 was derived from Wistar rat peritoneal macrophages stimulated by silica
in vitro.
Addition of rat IL-1 containing supernatant to the culture for 4 days inhibited insulin release by 40% to the control levels, and reduced insulin content by 60% at a concentration of 10%(V/V). This effect was dose dependent and reproducible. We also assessed the effects of human rIL-1β on the culture. Dose dependent inhibitory effects on insulin release and content similar to those of rat IL-1 were observed with 0.5 to 5.0u/m
l of hrIL-1.
On the other hand, in short incubation studies, hrIL-1stimulated insulin release from the pancreatic monolayers after 2 hrs in the culture.
Morphological studies showed that these actions of IL-1 did not appear to account for pancreatic islet destruction.
These data suggest that IL-1 could play an important role as a potent modulator of insulin secretion, and it could be hypothesized that involved in a pathogenic role in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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