Of the various reflexes originating from the otolith organ, the reflex corresponding to linear acceleration still remains unexplained in many aspects; above all, the modes of reaction corresponding to an otolithic stimulation and the function of the saccule as an equilibrium regulator are not well studied yet.
The present investigations concerning the problems were performed by observing otolith-ocular reflexes under the imposition of linear accelerations to the normal and labyrinthectomized rabbits.
When the animals were subjected to linear accelerations, the eye deviation appeared to the directions of repositioning the eye to the normal position, that is, vertical eye deviation in frontal, rotatory eye movement in saggital and vertical eye deviation in axial movement, respectively.
The eye deviation did not appear in the purely horizontal plane, and the eye deviation and the acceleration were synchronous. Bilaterally labyrinthectomized animals did not show the eye deviation corresponding to the acceleration while the eye deviation was of normal pattern in unilaterally labyrinthectomized animals.
Bilateral sacculotomy resulted in the disappearance of eye deviation in axial direction with the reflexes in the other two directions preserved.
Thus, it was found that the otolith organ provoked the eye movement to the direction opposite to the body movement and that the otolith organ of one side regulated the ocular movement bilaterally.
It was also confirmed that the saccule participated in the regulation of equilibrium and that the "shear" of the otolith membrane against the macula seemed to be the most important stimulation for the otolith-ocular reflex in linear acceleration ; the utricle in frontal direction, the utricle and saccule in saggital direction and the saccule in axial direction, respectively.

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In order to obtain some informations as to the origin and the absorption of the inner ear fluids, and to make foundamental study on the Vitamin B1 therapy for inner deafness, the anther investigated the transport of thiamine (Vitamin B1) to the inner ear fluids and cerebrospinal fluid of guinea pigs. Thiamine concentration was determined by using of Lactobacillus fermenti assay. The results obtained were as follows;
1) In normal guinea pigs, thiamine concentration in endolymph was about three times as much as in perilymph.
2) When thiamine derivatives were intramuscularly injected, it was found to be more easily transported to perilymph than to endolymph and cerebrospinal fluid.
The rate of reduction of thiamine in view of time relaps was lower in endolymph than perilymph.
The results are suggestive of existence of bloodendolymph barrier and inconsistent to the theory of derivation of perilymph from only endolymph or cerebrospinal fluid.
3) Thiamine diphosphate was demonstrated in endolymph by means of bioautography.
4) In constract to the control group, the transport of thiamine to endolymph was accelerated with a relatively weak stimulation (noise stimulation, SM and KM injection), while it was rather inhibited when the stimulation was strong.

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Les auteurs rapportent les résultats immunoelectrophoretiques obtenus en étudiant la pétudiantrilymphe de 370 cobayes au total, sur ce nombre 94 étaient des animaux témoins. Le travail peut etre divisé en deux parties. Dans la premiere, les auteurs ont pu préciser que la périlymphe normale, a partir d'une quantite de 4 microlitres permettait de révéler dans 66% des cas les lignes définissant Palbumine, les beta-l-globulines et les gamma globulines. C'est Papparition de gamma globulines qui lorsqu'on conserve constamment le meme antiserum definit dans ce travail la positivite de la reaction. Dans nos condition experimentales, au dessou de 4 microlitres de perilymphe la ligne des gamma globulines n'apparait pas.

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The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the Preyer's reflex or the acoustic-auricular reflex as hearing index. The Preyer's reflex responds to the sound stimulation from 300cps to 16000cps.
The measurable range is so restricted that the threshold curve of the reflex ranges from 75 to 110 phon and is between pseudothreshold curve and maximum threshold curve of the cochlear microphonics (CM). From electromyographic study, it has been demonstrated that the latency of the reflex is longer in lower frequencies and becomes shorter in response to the increased sound pressure. The various factors which may affect the latency of the reflex have also been investigated. The thresholds of the reflex were compared with those of the CM at various periods after Kanamycin (KM) injection in animals. These two thresholds show a similar pattern during the course of the experiments.
From these results, it is possible to conclude that the Preyer's reflex is useful not only to detect the high tone hearing loss in early stage but to detect when the CM is to be measured and also to obtain frequency pattern of hearing impairment in long periods of experimentations.
In KM-injected animals there appears frequently the abnormal adaptation of the pinna movement in which the amplitude of both the pinna movement and neuromuscular units in EMG gradually decreased in response to the sound stimulation below 8000cps. However, there is no similar findings demonstrated in the action potential and in the CM recorded from the round window.
The possibility of detecting the hearing impairement of the central origin by using this reflex is discussed.

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These investigations on motion sickness were performed to enlighten the points which have been left obscure in spite of many fundamental studies on the subject.
A statistical observation was made by collecting answered questionaires from 977, 602 school children in Osaka Pref.
Two point three percentages of them were found to be affected with motion sickness. The rate of incidence in girls was about twice as high as in boys and in urban areas it was twice as in suburban areas, respectively.
The asthenics were relatively more susceptible and the deafmutes were hardly susceptible to motion sickness.
In the observation of the 307 cadets aboard the ships, it was found that motion sickness occured within the first several days after the departure as well as during the rough weather.
The various symptoms of motion sickness were found to be the results of temporary dystony of the autonomic nervous system.
Psychosomatic imbalance, olfactory and optic stimuli played a provocative role in the occurrence of motion sickness, to which linear acceleration is mainly guilty, as is well known.
From the measurement of acceleration and vibration cycle of various vehicles, it was presumed that the prolongation of cycles as well as the increase of acceleration had a promoting effect upon the elicitation of motion sickness.
Wenger's test of the autonomic nervous system made on cadets failed to screen the susceptible subjects in advance.
Yatabe-Guilford's personality test made on cadets suggested some characteristics of personality of susceptible persons.
Susceptible persons showed a marked eye deviation in pendular rotation test.
In the observation of cadets and school children, the excellent preventive effect of 7% solution of sodium bicarbonate against motion sickness was reconfirmed.

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This report concerns the comparative studies of the three series of the postrotatory nystagmus which were induced in the same deaf mute individuals by means of the following vestibular function tests: first, original Bárány method (without Frenzel's glasses) ; second, Bárány method with Frenzel's glasses ; and third, cupulometry with three kinds of angular velocity 20°, 30° and 60° per second.

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A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the auricule was reported.
This tumor appeared in the upper helix one year after taking burn with fire.
It was surgically resected and irradiated with cobalt.
No sign of recurrence or metastasis is detected one year postoperatively at present time.
Thirty six cases of auricular cancer reported in Japan were reviewed. Approximately seventy percent of this cancer were found in male. Fifty percent of this tumor appeared at the helix, and twenty five percent at the ear lobule.
Although it was not always possible to find a cause for this cancer, sun burn might play a part of the role in causing auricular cancer, since the white races were more frequently involved in this condition than the yellow or negro, who were protected to the sun beam by the dense skin pigment.

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On the patients with the chronic sinusitis accompanied with olfactory disturbances, macroskopic and pathological studies of the mucous menbrane of the maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses and also the biochemical experiments of thiamine were made.
The followings are the results obtained:
(1) Significant relationship was noticed between olfactory disturbance and the macroskopic changes of the paranasal mucous membrane.
(2) A difinite relation was also formed bet- ween olfactory disturbance and the pathological changes of the paranasal mucous membrane.
(3) By means of systematic pathological and histological studies of the paranasal mucous membrne with olfactory disturbance, the increase of eosinophile cells, dilatation of the vessels, and high degree of edema were remarkably observed, compared with the cases without olfactory disturbances.
(4) The thiamine content in blood of patients suffered from chronic sinusitis with olfactory disturbances showed a tendency to decrease slightly compared with the controls.
(5) By means of intravenous thiamine injection, a marked differences were recognized in the thiamine content in blood between total thiamine and combined from according to the stage of the olfactoay disturbances.
(6) Relationship between the pathological changes in the paranasal mucous membrane and the amount of thiamine content were as follows:
i) Total and combined thiamine content increased markedly in the purulent type, secondly in catarrhal and fibrous type.
ii) Concering with the differences in grade of increase of thiamine by intravenous thiamine injection, an increase of total thiamine was most frequently observed in the purulent and fibrous type, secondary catarrhalic type and that of com- bined thiamine were catarrhal secondly in the purulent and fibrous type.
(7) The thiamine distributed in the paranasal mucous membrane mostly consisted of the combined form, while the intensity of chiochrome fluorescence was strong in the epithelial layer, grandular cells, walls of the vessels and the parts with round cell infiltration and it was very weak in the parts of haemorrhage, edema and interstitial connective tissues.
From these experiments, significant relationship between the pathological changes of the paranasal mucous membrane and the metabolism of thiamine was recognized.

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The actual cause and the biochemical changes occurring in chronic inflammation, especially chronic paranasal sinusitis have long remained to be clarified by rhinologic clinicians.
The author has tried, as the first step in their elucidation, to separate acid mucopolysaccharides (AMP), which had been considered to have a close connection with inflammation, from the maxillary sinal mucous membrane.
Membranes amounting to 800 samples obtained from the operation room were classified as normal, edematous, suppurative and fibrous type according to macroscopic and histological observation and stored separately in acetone. Ten to thirty samples of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuse were the subject of each experiment. After the removal of fat and water by acetone, the membranes were dried in vacuum and their dry wei- ght was estimated. Then they were soaked in water, ground and digested with pepsin and trypsin. The crude mucopolysaccharide solution obtained was treated with chloroformamyl alcohol mixture, followed by adsorption to Kaolin and Lloyd reagent in order to eliminate proteins, polypeptide and other impurities, which might have been produced during the digestion. The purified polysaccharide was subjected to fractional precipitation by ethanol in the presence of calcium acetate, and identified by chemical and infrared spectroscopic analyses.
The results obtained were as follows :
Chondroitin sulfate (ChS) was the main com- ponent of AMP in the paranasal mucosa.
In the normal membrane, the total amount of ChS was remarkably small and the ChS present was predominantly in type B. In the case of fib. rous type of the membrane, the total amount of ChS increased and the pattern also changed, that is the amount of ChS-C became largest. This tendency towards an increasing ratio of ChS-C was observed more distinctively in the edematous and the suppurative type.
This increase of ChS-C in chronic sinusitis suggested that the activities of the enzyme systems which participate in the synthesis of these polysaccharides may be promoted. Changes of enzyme activity in these systems, especially in relation to the sulfurylation steps, seemed to be more or less correlated with the state of the inflamed membrane.
In the next step of the research, attention was directed to the activities of chondroitin sulfotransferase and PAPS-synthesizing system. Regarding the sulfotransferase activity, no significant difference between the normal membrane and the pathological one was demonstrated. In the PAPS-sy nthesizing system, however, remarkable changes of enzyme activity were proven.
From the results described above, the etiology and the mechanism of becoming chronic inflammation of the disease were considered to be an abnormally raised activity of AMP synthetic enzymes accompanied by the described change in the pattern of the products.

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