日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報
Online ISSN : 1883-0854
Print ISSN : 0030-6622
ISSN-L : 0030-6622
80 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1~9を表示しています
  • 山本 馨
    1977 年 80 巻 1 号 p. 1-2
    発行日: 1977/01/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 篠崎 直子, 曽田 豊二
    1977 年 80 巻 1 号 p. 1a-10
    発行日: 1977/01/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    Scanning electron microscopic observations were performed on the sensory epithelium of the bullfrog inner ear.
    1.The membranous folding on a kinocilium was observed in the amphibian and basilar papilla.It was spiral along the long axis of the kinocilial stem.In the vestibular sensory epithelium the folding was incomplete.
    2.It was suggested that the kinocilia of the sensory epithelium move spirally like the flagella of the spermatozoa.A local stream of the lymph may take place in the sheaths of the tectorial body and cupula.
    3.In the amphibian and basilar papilla, each sensory cell was surrounded by the support-ing cells in independent lymphatic environment.
    4.A round epithelial macula was observed on both sides of the ampullar crista of the semicircular canal.Double blephaloblasts were observed on each of the macula.Groups of microvilli were seen on the macula.It was assumed that the macula might be the sensory epithelium.
  • 揖鼻の気体動力学的研究
    海野 徳二, 矢島 洋
    1977 年 80 巻 1 号 p. 11-17
    発行日: 1977/01/20
    公開日: 2008/07/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Nose blowing is said to be one of the important matters for nasal hygiene.Although the maneuvers of nose blowing largely differ between Europeans and Japanese, it seems obvious and easy for all adults to blow their noses.Do they blow their noses properly The purpose of this paper is to obtain accurate data of nose blowing, to analyze the maneuver, and to give good instructions to those who do not understand how to blow the nose.
    Expiratory velocities of each side of the nose with increasing efforts were successively re-corded by two pneumotachometers arranged in parallel.Expiratory velocity, volume and time of nose blowing through each side of the nose as well as both sides were repeatedly measured.Pressure changes in the external auditory canal during these maneuvers were also observed using a balloon catheter connected to a sensitive pressure transducer.
    A mean value of the maximum expiratory velocity in nose breathing was 1.87 LPS, while that of nose blow through one side was 1.81 LPS.The epiratory volume of a nose blow was 1.34 L and the time was 1.23 SEC in average.These values were slower, smaller and longer than those of coughing or sneezing.Pressure change in the auditory canal was often observed during forced expiration.During nose blowing through one side 31 out of 60 trials showed the positive pressure change, while 7 showed the negative change.No change was found in 22 trials.
    The velocity in less patent side is increased by closing the nostril of more patent side.This is the reason why one side of the nose is blown at one time when a different patency exists.The faster is the expiratory thrust of a nose blow, the more efficiently it pushes out secretions in the nasal cavity.Pressure change in the auditory canal observed in such maneuvers does not usually cause acute infection in the tympanic cavity.
    A forced expiration such as cough or sneeze eliminates secretions not only from the upper airways but from the lower airways as well by its speed and dynamic intrathoracic compression. Nose blow may also have the similar function.This is accomplished when the expiration covers the middle and the lower two-thirds of the vital capacity.A big and long nose blow is therefore recommended to prevent upper and lower respiratory tract diseases.
  • その臨床例と基礎的研究
    雲井 健雄, 服部 浩, 湊川 徹, 谷口 郷美
    1977 年 80 巻 1 号 p. 18-26
    発行日: 1977/01/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    Since the Silverstein's first report(1966) on elevated protein concentration in the perilymph of the patients with acoustic tumor, it appears that "diagnostic labyrinthotomy" can be useful and worthwhile in certain cases of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss where acoustic neurinoma or Meniere's disease is suspected.
    The objective of the present clinical study is to appraise the correlation between the clinical pictures of 8 cases of acoustic tumor suspect and of 2 cases of Meniere's disease suspect and pictures of 8 cases of acoustic tumor suspect and of 2 cases of Meniere's disease suspect and the results of microchemical analysis of the inner ear fluid.
    Increase in perilymph protein concentration was confirmed in 5 cases of cerebellopontine angle tumor who underwent craniotomy, while one false negative case of acoustic tumor was observed.
    In normal subjects, the level of inner ear fluid protein was substantially less than that in acoustic tumor cases.Two cases of Meniere''s disease and one case of acoustic tumor suspects were judged as negative.However, one false positive result was obtained in the case of ac-oustic tumor suspect, in which no internal auditory cannal lesion was present on posterior fossa myelography.
    On the basis of the present clinical evidence, it seems likely that any condition which causes blockage of the internal auditory canal such as cerebellopontine angle tumor and/or arachnoiditis results in elevated perilymph protein concentration.
    High potassium concentration in the inner ear fluid was found in one patient with Meniere's disease and was considered to indicate the etiology of vertiginous episodes of this patient.The result would also suggest that "Diagnostic labyrinthotomy" is applicable for the diagnosis of Meniere's disease.
  • 北村武教授開講25周年記念論文
    飯泉 修, 北村 武, 金子 敏郎, 神田 敬
    1977 年 80 巻 1 号 p. 27-30
    発行日: 1977/01/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    Nitrogen dioxide is one of the important components of the air pollution.The effect of this substance on the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses of mice was studied.
    Fifteen mice were divided into two groups.Group 1 consisting 4 mice was taken as a control.Group 2, consisting of the rest of 11 mice, was exposed to nitrogen dioxide 5 hours per day for 5 days per week for 3 months.The concentration of the gas was between 0.5 to 1, 0 ppm.As a result, marked purulent infection was observed in Group 2 at the respiratory and olfactory regions of the nasal cavity and in the paranasal sinuses in 4 of 11(36.3%), at the respiratory and olfactory regions in 2 of 11(18.2%), and only at the olfactory region in 2 of 11(18.2%).Infection was not observed in 3 of 11(27.3%).
    It was concluded that when mice were exposed to nitrogen dioxide for a considerable period of time, even at low concentration, the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses were easily affected and subsequent infection in the mucous membrane was elicited.
  • 田上 悦子, 松永 喬, 奥村 新一, 内藤 儁
    1977 年 80 巻 1 号 p. 31-39
    発行日: 1977/01/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    Impedance cardiography, a relatively simple non-invasive method of measuring blood flow, was studied in 18 normal subjects, 33 typical Meniere's, tisease, 10 atypical Meniere's disease and 16 disturbance of cerebral circulation, and the change of cardiac output and cervical bloodflow as the factor to estimate cerebral blood flow due to the change of body posture(supine-standing-standing 10 minutes-supine) was measured.
    In normal subjects at supine position the cardiac output was 121 ml/beat, 7.5 1/min.and cervical blood flow was 1.4 ml/beat, 87 ml/min.At standing position, cardiac output decreased by about 30% and cervical blood flow increased by 20_??_40%.The ratio of cervical blood flow against cardiac output was named cerebral distribution ratio.It increased by about 70% at standing position.
    Those having no vertigo indicated roughly the same cnange of this ratio with normal standing position. Those having no vertigo indicated roughly the same cnange of this ratio with normal subjects at the time of posture change.Whereas the patients with Meniere's disease having vertigo indicated about 100% of increase at standing position.Practically no change was noticed in those with disturbance of cerebral circulation having vertigo.
    This difference may help us to differentiate disturbance of cerebral circulation from Meniere's disease.
  • 橘正 芳
    1977 年 80 巻 1 号 p. 40-54
    発行日: 1977/01/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    Kanamycin(KM) levels in perilymph, blood, kidney, liver and brain were measured in KM pretreated(400 mg/kg, i.m.for 10 successive days) and untreated guinea pigs following an in-tramuscular injection of KM(400 mg/kg).
    In untreated group, KM levels in perilymph reached their peaks at 3 to 6 hr.after the in-jection, whereas those in other organs appeared within 1 hr.The maximum KM level observed in perilymph was quite high and preceded those in brain and blood.Similar patterns of the KM distribution was observed in the KM pretreated group except retention of considerably high KM levels even 24 hr.after the injection.
    The KM levels in kidney were higher than those in other organs and the elimination was slow.This tendency became more evident in KM pretreated groups where no appreciable eli-mination was seen even 24 hr.after the injection.
    The high level and slow elimination seems responsible for oto- and nephrotoxicities of KM. The toxicity of KM, however, may not be simply explained by differences in the level and eli-mination rate of KM, since in KM pretreated animals the liver has no noticeable damage inspite of maintaining s high level of KM.
    The content of acidic glycosaminoglycans(AGAG) in the lateral wall of cochlea, kidney and brain was analyzed electrophoretically.A considerably large quantity of AGAG was found in the lateral wall and it was found to be decreased significantly by KM treatments.It is known that elimination of KM from the inner ear is at least in part through the lateral wall of the cochlear duct.Since AGAG acts presumably as anions to bind KM having cationic pro-perties and possibly play an important role for eliminating them.Observed decrease in AGAG content of the lateral wall of cochlear duct may be a cause of the ototoxicity of KM by re-tarding the elimination of this drug from the perilymph.
  • 橘正 芳
    1977 年 80 巻 1 号 p. 55-80
    発行日: 1977/01/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    Effect of intramuscular injection of kanamycin(KM)(400mg/kg, for 10 successive days) on glucose metabolism in the cochlea, kidney, liver and brain of the guinea pig was investigated.
    The results obtained were as follows:
    (1) Histological studies demonstrated morphological damages occurring in hair cells of the organ of Corti, especially outer hair cells on basal end(hook), and proximal tubules of the kidney.
    (2) Biochemical studies revealed that in the organ of Corti and kidney, activities of hex-okinase and phosphofructokinase, regulatory enzymes of the activity of anaerobic glycolysis were reduced significantly, whereas those of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosph-ogluconate dehydrogenase, regulatory enzymes of the activity of hexosemonophosphate pathway, (HMP) were not altered.
    (3) Histochemical studies demonstrated that the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, regu-latory enzyme of the activity of TCA cycle, was reduced in the organ of Corti and the tubule of the kidney, respectively.
    (4) The conversion of glucose into CO2 via glycolysis and TCA cycle was significantly inhibited in the cochlea and kidney and this change was not compensated by HMP.
    (5) The formation of oto- and nephro-toxic effects of KM may he explainable at least in part by these changes in the glucose metabolism observed selectively in the organ of Corti and kidney.
    (6) The present results suggest that the administration of drugs involved and/or related to the glucose metabolism such as pantothenic acid, thiamine, ATP or NAD may be useful for the treatment of deafness caused by the KM administration.
  • 田中 太
    1977 年 80 巻 1 号 p. 106-109
    発行日: 1977/01/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
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