Tinnitus, an abnormality of auditory sensation, is a frequently encountered complaint in daily clinical work. The presence of tinnitus is almost entirely subjective, except for a very small number of cases. Thus, it is extremely difficult to measure tinnitus objectively and quantitatively. Tinnitus has been evaluated according to on the pitch(Hz) and loudnes (dB) of tinnitus sounds or subjective expression of these sounds heard by the patients. The hatter is.
usually expressed by onomatopoiea simulation of the tone understood by the patients. These are apparently few systematic studies using, this method
The purpose of the present study was to focus attention on onomatopoeia. Systematic consolidation and the objective evaluation of the subjective tinnitus by the use of onomatopoeia were attempted. For these purposes, a scale for evaluation of the tones of tinnitus, by means of onomatopoeia, was introduced, and an evaluation of the quality of the tone was also made.
Result 1: Based on the values obtained for each frequency level of onomatopoeia, a curve for evaluation of each of onomatopoeia was constructed and the following classification was made.
I. Thone with little correlation. with pure tone and noise in a narrow band.
II. Those related to pure tone alone.
III. Those related to noise within a narrow range.
IV. Those related to both pure tone. and noise within a narrow range.
Result 2: According to the results of factor analysis, based on.the amount of factor load of each onomatopoeia, the onomatop expressions were systematically arranged and grounped. As a result, 30 representaitive Onomatopoeia were chosen. The. classification used corresponds to the type. frequency and degree of similarlty of the sound to the onomatopoeia. This method represents an. extremely advanced and important clinical approach to classification and should find a wide application on related studies using this method, the patient can choose an adequate onomatopoeta from among the 30 representative ones. When this is done, a crrect and objective assessment of the tinnitis Complained of by the patient should be clinically. feasible.

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食道webの合併したP-V症候群の16例を報告すると共に,食道web像の概要について論述した.P-V症候群における食道webは恒常的な器質的病変でなく,鉄欠乏に由来する食道壁の伸展障害の結果として食道透視中に描出されるものと考えられた.また同症候群の食道粘膜は上皮肥厚性病変を呈しており,前癌病変の観点より興味ある所見であった.診断技術の進歩によりP-V症候群におけるwebの発見率は高まるものと考えられるが,食道webの病的意義については症例の積み重ねによりその本態を明らかにしていく必要があると考える.

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In the acute mesencephalic cat, stimulation delivered to the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) elicits "controlled locomotion" on a surface of moving treadmill. In each locomotion, double support phase is observed during slow walk with a cycle time (interstep interval) longer than 0.8s, and single support phase is observed during fast walk with a cycle time shorter than 0.8s.
In this experiment, the possibility that well coordinated locomotion requires control of static and dynamic equilibrium of posture was studied with an assumption that during slow walk static equilibrium of posture dominates, and during fast walk dynamic equilibrium of posture dominates. I analysed discharge characteristics of vestibulospinal neurons (lateral vestibular neurons, VL neurons) during locomotion, because the vestibulospinal tract has been known as one of the control system for equilibrium of upright posture and locomotion. The speed of limb movements during locomotion was systematically changed by increasing the speed of moving treadmill, while keeping the stimulus strength to the MLR constant. With an increase in the speed of moving treadmill, cycle time shortened from 1.7s to 0.5s.
VL neurons were recorded extracellularly by means of microelectrodes filled with Woods' alloy and identified antidromically by stimulating the L2 segment of the spinal cord. Fifty-four VL neurons were recorded during locomotion. Mean conduction velocity and mean firing frequency of these neurons were 93.9m/s and 11.5 spikes/s respectively. VL neurons were divided into 3 groups from their discharge characteristics. The first group of neurons (15/54) maintained tonic state of discharges with no relation to the shortening of cycle time. The second group of neurons (26/54) changed their tonic state of discharges during slow walk to rhythmic bursting state of discharges during fast walk. The third group of neurons (13/54) maintained rhythmic bursting state of discharges both during slow walk and fast walk. Each bursting discharge was phase-locked with each stance phase of the unilateral or bilateral hindlimbs.
These results demonstrate that, during slow walk, most VL neurons discharge tonically playing roles to regulate the overall excitability of extensor muscle tone of hindlimbs, and to maintain static eqilibrium of posture, and that during fast walk, most VL neurons discharge rhythmically playing roles to control the rhythmicity of hindlimb movements, and to maintain dynamic equilibrium of posture. These results indicate that the functional role played by each one of the VL neuron changes depending on the requirement whether static or dynamic equilibrium of posture should be controlled during locomotion.

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著者は,26例の頭頸部非ホジキンリンパ腫を電顕的に観察し,予後との関係を検討した.
腫瘍細胞は,電顕的に4つの細胞型に分類できたが,各型間には移行型もみられた.各症例はそれぞれの細胞の組み合わせから成っていた.この分類と予後の関係は密接ではなかった.
しかし細胞質内細線維の認められた細胞をもつ症例は予後が悪く,病期分類による予後と比較すると,細胞質内細線維による予後推定の方がすぐれていた.

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(1) 18歳女性で左側頭骨と後頭骨にOsteomaを合併し,腫瘍はより左外耳道閉鎖と60dBの伝音難聴を有する症例で,手術的に両Osteomaを切除し,左外耳道形成術を行い病理組織学的にOsteomaと診断され,聴力も正常に改善した,本邦で7例目の側頭骨Osteoma症例を報告した.
(2) 本邦における側頭骨および外耳道Osteomaの全症例を集計し,国外文献上の症例49例と合わせて考察し,はじめて側頭骨Osteomaと外耳道Osteomaに発生の男女差があることを証明した.
(3) 側頭骨Osteomaと外耳道Osteomaの相異点を表にして整理した.
(4) 外耳道Osteomaと外耳道Exostosisの鑑別診断を表にして示した.

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The middle ear effusions (MEEs) by otitis media with effusion (OME) and acute otitis media (AOM) were analyzed for the content of proteins and three lysosomal enzymes; acid phosphatase, cathepsin D and arylsulfatase. According to the viscosity of MEEs, the MEEs by OME were subdivided into serous, seromucous and glue effusions. The results were follows.
1) The content of Proteins was found to be higher in the MEEs than in the sera, but no significant difference was found among the MEEs. On the other hand, the content of proteins in the cell pellet in the MEEs was higher in glue MEEs than in serous MEEs.
2) In all cases, specific activities of the three lysosomal enzymes were significantly higher in the MEEs than in the sera.
3) Specific activities of these lysosomal enzymes in the serous MEEs were the lowest among MEEs of all groups.
4) While the enzymatic activities in the supernatant of all MEEs were higher than in the pellet, no significant difference in the ratio of the supernatant to the pellet was found among MEEs of all groups.

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以上の3例を要約すると表1のとうりである.ここに述べた経喉頭蓋咽喉頭截開を行うと,声門上部の後半部に対する手術操作が非常に容易であり,この部における切除,切開,剥離,縫合,レーザー照射などあらゆる手術操作を正確に行うことができる.

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