Trypan blue solution was injected subcutaneously to pregnant female mice and the palates of the embryos were examined on the 18th day of the pregnancy, in order to study the cleft palate induced by abnormal intrauterine environment.
The results obtained were as follows: (1) In the first group, to which 0.2cc of 1% solution was administered on the 8th day of pregnancy, one case of cleft palate was observed. (2) In the second group, to which 0.2cc of 5% solution was administered daily on the 6th and 7th day of gestation, one embryo with celeft palate was observed. (3) In the control group, to which physiological saline solution was given, no cleft palate was observed. (4) In the treated groups, the incidence of intrauterine death and resorption of the embryos was high.It was found that there was a correlation between the incidence and the amount of the dye.
It may be concluded that cleft palate as phenacopies is induced by trypan blue injection.

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When the cases of otosclerosis, chronic adhesive otitis media and dislocation of the incudo- sta pedial joint are examined using conventional Gelle's test, the results are always negative, and the test is of no use for the differential diagnosis of these diseases.Therefore, for the purpose of differential diagnosis, first, being confirmed that Gelle's test by bone conduction was negative, the qualitative test by air conduction was a pneumophon with applied to these cases.The following results were obtained:
1.Otosclerosis:The application of positive or negative pressure to the external auditory canal generally reduces the loudness of air-conducted tones. 2.Otitis media chronica adhesiva:When a negative pressure is applied to the external auditory canal, air-conducted tone decreases in loudness like in the case of otosclerosis but the application of positive pressure to the auditory canal causes no decrease in the loudness of air-conducted tone. 3.Dislocation of the incudostapedial joint:When the negative pressure up to - 10mmHg is applied to external auditory canal air-conducted tone increases in loudness, but when the negative pressure up to -30_??_-40mmHg is applied, the air-conducted tone decreases in loudness.The application of positive pressure causes a decrease in the loudness of air-conducted tone just as in the case of otosclerosis. Summarizing the above, it seems that the differential diagnosis of those diseases negative to Gelle's test is made to some extent with the use of the qualitative test by air conduction with a pneumophon.

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1)S-precipitate (crude powder of Saliva-parotin) obtained from the secretion of the human parotid gland by acetone precipitation shows an action decreasing serum calcium level in rabbits. Since there is a linear relationship between the amount and the effect of S-precipitate, the func- tion of the parotid glands is able to evaluate by the study of the effect of S-precipitate on serum calcium level.
2) There is a close relationship between parotid function in the secretion of Saliva-par6tin, histological findings of the parotid and with finding on sialogram.
3) The.activity of S-precipitate obtained from healthy human saliva shows marked age differe- nce, being higher in younger and lower in older subjects.The activity of S-precipitate obtained from the patients with parotid inflammation is low, that from the patient of sialoangiectasis is almost normal, that from the patient of benign tumor is slightly lower, that from the patient of xerostomiasis is remarkably decreased and that from the patient of chronic atrophic rhinitis is normal or slight decreased.

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The author has conducted the experiment to investigate the patterns of temporary threshold shift following the one-menute, five-minutes and fifteen-minutes exposures at low, moderate and high levels to a wide banc thermal noise.The results obtained are as follows;
1) The Bekesy audiometry technique applied to this investigation is considered to be the most excellent procedures for the measurements of temporary threshold shift at the present time.
2) A one-minutes 40 db S.L.thermal noise exposure produces no measurable shift at all the frequencies tested.
3) The 40 db S.L.thermal noise exposures both for five minutes and fifteen minutes produce the largest temporary threshold shift at 4000 cycles, its frequency distribution being 4000 cps 2000 cps 8000 cps>1000 cps in this order.
4) For moderate levels of the thremal eoise exposure (up to and including 80 db S.L.) follo- wing each exposure for one-, five-, and fifteen-minutes, the magnitudes of temporary threshold shifts and its frequency distribution are found to be the largest at 4000 cps, and then decreased at 2000 cps, 8000 cps and 1000 cps in this order, While at higher levels of the exposure (90 db to 100 db S.L.), the magnitudes of temporary threshold shifts are distributed to 4000 cps>8000 cps >2000 cps>1000 cps in this order showing the maximum snift at 4000 cps.This spread of the pattern occurs principally for higher frequencies than 4000 cps at higher levels of the exposure.
5) The maximum temporary threshold shift occurs always at 4000 cps following exposure not only at high levels but moderate and even low levels.

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The authors studied the masking of speech by white noise and the following conclusions were made:
(1) The threshold (S.R.T.) was elevated linearly to the increase of intensity of the noise.
(2) The critical band width computed from the own data was about 31db., and the relation between M and Z, calculated by Fletchers formula, was equal to that of pure tones.
(3) The increase of discrimination loss with increased intensity of maskiug noise was not clearly observed.
(4) The relations between speech level, noise level and articulation score was clearly demo- nstrated.

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A twenty-nine-year-old female visited our clinic with chief complaints of slight nasal obstruction and crust formation in both nasal cavities.
Anterior rhinoscopy at that time revealed a foreign body covered with darkish crust in the median portion of the nasal septum, resembling a tumor in its appearence. A fragment of plate-glass, 1.6cm in width, 5cm in length and 0.3cm in depth, was removed by an endonasal operation,
This fragment was considered to have stuck in the nasal septum through a trauma three months before.

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The development of audiogenic seizure following sound stimulation (12KC/S, 120phone) was studied using rats each of which underwent 5 tests.Sixteen normal rats tested showed no abnormal behavior.
Seventy-five times of observations of 15 rats with bilateral otitis media showed a typical tonic-clonic convulsion in 53.3%, a convulsive running in 29.3%, a circular running in 5.3%, a turning in 4% and no pathologic behaviour in 8%.
Seven cases of unilateral otitis media showed a trend of circular running or convulsive running to the non-affected side without eliciting typical heavy seizures.
The acoustic stimulation was not effective in all cases after bilateral labyrinthectomy. It seems obvious that audiogenic seizures are influenced by the peripheral auditory organ and the otitis media is considered as one of inducing causes of the seizures.

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Histopathological Observation on the auditory organ of rats with audiogenic seizure revealed severe supprative inflammatory changes in the tympanic cavity, i.e.filling of caseous pus in the tympanic cavity, thickness of the drum, stenosis of the eustachian tube, ankylosis of the auditory ossicles, and inflammation or degeneration of the tympanic muscles.
Changes (such as oedema, atrophy, deformity, and bleeding) in Corti's organ of the cochlear basic turn or in the sensorial epithelium of the sacculus indicated that the hypolabyrinth had been subjected to a strong stimulus.These changes were correlative with the intensity of audiogenic seizure, suggesting considerably that they were a causative element in the seizure of rats.

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Following a sound stimulation (12KC/S, 120phone) electromyogram was taken in rats sufferi- ng from bilateral otitis medic on the condition that their extremities were fixed.
In the records of E.M.G.in the auricular muscles, extensor and flexor muscles of the poste- rior extremities, the discharge showed an increase in frequency and voltage after a long latent period leading to the development of tonic-clonic convulsion.The result of this electromyogra- phical examination of the each stadium of convulsion was found to correspond to the grossly observed result in the previous experiment.
The present result seems to afford the following interpretation as to the etiology of the audiogenic seizuro.
The development of the audiogenic seizure does not seem attributable to the escaping action of animals but to a diminished buffer mechanism of the middle ear conduction system due to otitis media.The specific sounds cause a diffuse stimulation in the hypolabyrinth.In every neuron of the central nerve system, the impulse is amplified.The system is confused by a conflict between excitation and inhibition, resulting in the incapability of controlling the development of non harmonic impulses.

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Clinical studies on vestibular function test, particularly on caloric test were described. A brief review was given of the results of these examinations in normal subjects. Z-test, a new method of caloric test, devised by Ino, and caloric pattern test developed from the Z-test (Ino, Okamoto) were described.
Observations on a servies of 30 cases of Meniere's disease as peripheral vestibular disorders and of 32 cases of central vestibular disorders including brain tumor were presented. Results Obtained from the exsminations of spontaneous nystagmus and positional nystagmus, with observations by rotation test, alternated hot or cold test, Z-test and Caloric pattern test were as follows.
1.Spontaneous nystagmus gave no diagnostic indication. 2.Positional nystagmus:In about 50, 0 of cases of Meniere's disease direction fixed positional nystagmus were presented, and this is considered desirable to put into practice as a routine test of vestibular function. 3.Ashibumi-test:In many cases of Meniere's disease, the deviating side was commonly dire- cted to the slow phase of nystagmus. 4.Rotation test:Vestibular asymmetry was observed infrequently in this method.For this reason, this test is considered to give no indication of the localization of lesions. 5.Alternated hot or cold test:The findings of directional preponderance (D.P.) and canal paresis (C.P.) presented no indication of whether lesions were located in central or peripheral. 6.Z-test:Investigation of the latent period seemed to direct to the localization of lesions. 7.Caloric pattern test:Type 2 examined by this method showed the characteristic features of peripheral vestibular disorders, and it might be thought as a vestibular recruitment phenomenon. In many cases of central vestibular disorders were often found.Type 3, or Type 4.This sugge- sted that they are regarded as an expression of central checking mechanism.
In Meniere's disease, Type 1 or Type 2 were frequently found.Type 1 usually showed D.P., and C.P.was oftentimes found in Type 2.
This suggests that C.P.is regarded as a sign of cupular affection and D.P.is regarded as that of utricular disorders

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In order to decide indication for the use of hearing aid in deaf persons, the author studied improvement of hearing by hearing aids in the persons with normal hearing and deafness.Pure tone threshold, speech reception threshold and discrimination ability were used, and studied the following subjects:
(1) Functions of the hearing aids in a sound proof room.
(2) Effect of white noise on the function of the hearing aids.
(3) The indication for the use of the hearing aid evaluated by means of the pure tone audiornetry.

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1) The conjunctiva in 30 cases of Meniere's disease were observed magnifying 25_??_40 times and compared with that of 30 healthy persons.
2) Tendency for constriction, dilatation or irregularity of blood vessels, lumpy flow of blood, and blood sludge (though slight in degree), were observed in the former group but not in the latter.
3) Even when the above changes were not observed in all, some of them were observed in most cases.
4) In addition to the above, stagnation or backward moving or stases of blood flow, and remarkable blood sludge were observed in some cases.
5) When adrenalin was dropped in the eyes, the cases with Meniere's disease showed more sensitive reaction than that in the healthy persons.And more deviation in the severity of the reaction was observed in the former group than in the latter.
6) The difference between the above changes in the cases of Meniere's disease in the attack and also in the intermittent stage were studied in three cases.In all cases, more severe reaction for adrenalin eye drops was observed when they were in attack.

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A 66 years old female visited our hospital complaining severe nasal bleeding. She had right nephrectomy for a renal tumor 4 years ago, and had been suffering from the nasal obstruction, purulant nasal discharge and migrene on the right side for about 4 months. She had been having nasal bleeding for one week.
Rhinoscopic examination revealed a polypoid mass between the nasal septum and right mid- dle turbinate.
On the X-ray film, a thumb-tip-sized shadow was seen in the nasal cavity and the median wall of the ethmoidal sinus was compressed towards the nasal cavity. The tumor was removed, and histological examination revealed hypernephroma. The postoperative course was uneventful.

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With the purpose to clarify the positional relationship between the round window and its: surrounding, the author used 10 ears obtained from autopsy cases of Japanese adults (male and female).After exposing the antrum, the tympanic attic, and the mastoid cells by operation, the- layer of the external auditory canal skin and the tympanic membrane were removed.Then arranging the axis of Zeiss' otomicroscope in parallel with the anterior wall of the external audi- tory canal, pictures were taken by a camera attached to the microscope in the following four steps.Namely, (1) the view where the bridge is left, (2) the view exposing the niche of the- round window, (3) the view exposing the round window, and (4) the view exposing the stapes and the prominentia canalis facialis, after removing the malleus and the incus.The detailed' measurement on the position of the round window was made utilizing those photographs. For the convenience of the practical use of otomicroscope, the area of fossula fenestrae coch- leae (the niche of the round window) should be taken into consideration in establishing the- optimal spot or line as the standard for the measurement.In this way, it has been found that in, actual practice the stapedial muscle tendon and the prominentia canalis facialis show the most serviceable standards.Therefore, based on these standardized lines, the measurement has been carried out.
As the result, the niche of the round window can be exposed to be seen by biting posteriorly about 2 mm of the posterior wall of the external and tory canal.The niche of the round window is located at the uppermost hollow posterior to the line drawn perpendicular to the point where- the stapedial muscle tendon is attached to the stapes.
As for the membrane of the round window, draw the line parallel with the stapedial muscle- tendon at the upper edge (tangential point) of the niche of the round window, and from this- tangential point the resection is proceeded perpendicularly toward the tendon up to the mid-point between the stapedial muscle tendon and the upper edge of the niche.From here the resection is made anteriorly along the line projecting toward the prominentia canalis facialis at the angle- of 60°, and stop the resection at the intersection of this line and the line drawn perpendicular from the point of the stapedial muscle tendon attachment to the stapes, and then the membrane of the round window is exposed fairly well.Moreover, in the case which possesses no muscle tendon due to the loss of the stapes, draw a line at the upper edge of the niche in parallel with the line connecting the inferior edge of the niche, and locate the point about 0.5mm upward on the line drawn at right angle to this line at the upper edge of the niche, and through this point: draw a straight line with about 60° angle to the line of the facial canal.By removing the upper edge of the niche up to this imaginary line, a portion of the round window can be exposed.

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