日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報
Online ISSN : 1883-0854
Print ISSN : 0030-6622
ISSN-L : 0030-6622
79 巻, 7 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1~8を表示しています
  • 特に上喉頭神経内枝を経由する平滑筋支配神経について
    今野 昭義
    1976 年 79 巻 7 号 p. 725-732
    発行日: 1976/07/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    The efferent pathway of reflexive change of tracheal muscular tonus seen on stimulation of the nasal and laryngeal mucosa was investigated in the cervical trachea of the dog.
    A sort of mechanical plethysmography described by Kahn (1907) and Nadel et al. (1962) was used in order to record the response of the tracheal muscle.
    Thirteen dogs were examined under chloralose and urethane anesthesia with muscle relaxant and artificial respiration.
    The cervical trachea was detached from the larynx and the lower trachea preserving the vessels and the nerves including the inner branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (S.L.N.), the inferior laryngeal nerve (I.L.N.) and the anastomosing branch of Gallen.
    This tracheal segment was made airtight. The change of tracheal volume by contraction or dilatation of the tracheal muscle was recorded on the Visicorder through the pressure transducer (Statham PM 15) and the amplifier.
    The degree of dilatation and contraction of the trachea by sectioning and electrically stimulating the branches of S.L.N. and LL.N. were measured and compared.
    The effect of sectioning individual efferent nerves on reflexive contraction of the tracheal muscle seen by electrically stimulating the cut proximal end of the inner branch of the S.L.N. was measured.
    The present experiment revealed the following findings.
    1. The efferent pathway to the cervical tracheal muscle runs through the anastomosing branch of Gallen.
    This consists of descending nerve fibers passing through the posterior branch of the inner branch of the S.L.N. and the ascending nerve fibers passing through the posterior branch of the I.L.N. The decending nerve fibers innervate the upper 1/2-1/3 of the cervical tracheal muscle. On the other hand the ascending nerve fibers innervate its inferior 1/2-1/3.
    2. The most remarkable contraction of the cervical trachea in most dogs was observed with stimulation of the right posterior branch of the I.L.N. In 23% of the the dogs, however, the stimulation of the inner branch of the right S.L.N. caused the most remarkable contraction of the trachea. This was consistent with dilatation of the trachea and decrease of reflexive contraction of the I.L.N. noted by sectioning the efferent nerve. The anterior branch of I.L.N. does not contain motor fibers to the cervical tracheal muscle.
    3. The difference of innervation in the cervical trachea between the right and left efferent nerves was apparent, with marked predominance of the right efferent nerves.
  • 川端 五十鈴
    1976 年 79 巻 7 号 p. 733-740
    発行日: 1976/07/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    Since Flemming considered the secondary nodules of lymphatic tissue as a lymphopoietic organ and termed it the germinal center, the germinal centers have been extensively studied by many investigators. Recently the immunological studies have been clarified the relationships between the germinal centers and immune system. The present paper described the morphology of the germinal center of the human palatine tonsil using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
    The human palatine tonsils were obtained at the operations for chronic tonsilitis and hypertrophy of tonsil. The tissues were fixed with glutaradehyde, tannic acid and osmium tetroxide (MURAKAMI). On the way of dehydration, specimens were frozen in liquid nitrogen and fractured with a razor blade using the freeze-cracking method (Tokunaga et al.). The cracked specimens were dried by the critical point drying. The dried specimens were coated with carbon and gold in * vacuum evaporator and examined with JSM-S SEM.
    The palatine tonsil consists of the dense accumulations of the lymphatic tissues located beneath the pharyngeal mucosa. The compact nodules contain many germinal centers, similar to those of lymph node. The light microscopic observations show that the germinal centers consist of a lighter staining central area and * surrounding zone of more closely packed cells. SEM observations of cut-surface of tonsils can clearly demonstrate the the presence of the germinal center. The lighter central area has groups of the roud cells, reticulum cells and reticulum fibers.Reticulum fibers are fine filamentous structure and fuse each other to build up a complicated meshwork.
    There are gaps between the most outer portions of the lighter central area and a surrounding zone. Along these gaps, special arrangements consisting of the lamellar structures and round cells are found. The lamellar structures arrange parallel to the gaps outside the lighter central area and appear similarly to be the septal segments. The round cells with a number of microvilli on their free surface are situated between two lamellae. When seeing the front-view of the lamellar structures after removal of the lighter central area, the lamellar structures appear to be thin membranous structures which cover completely the lighter central area. The membranous structue has a number of pores which are various in shape and size, and accompany with the round cells. These findings suggest that the round cells could pass through the pore. The possible relationship between the SEM findings and immunological functions of the tonsilar germinal center was discussed.
  • 粘膜麻酔剤の中耳腔注入による内耳ブロック療法の試み
    坂田 英治, 梅田 悦生, 高橋 邦丕, 大都 京子
    1976 年 79 巻 7 号 p. 741-746
    発行日: 1976/07/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    Tinnitus is an otological symptom which is often encountered and is as yet difficult to treat.
    If tinnitus is of cochlear origin, then it seems reasonable that a total depression of cochlear function should abolish cochlear tinnitus. To achieve this depression, transtympanic injections of a local anesthetic (4% Lidocaine) to anesthetize the inner ear were attempted in patients suffering from tinnitus.
    Forty eight patients (58 ears) who had suffered from relatively long-term (3 to 360 months) tinnitus were included in this study. In almost all of the cases the clinical symptoms and the laboratory finding (i.e., the audiogram and caloric test) indicated that the underlying lesion was probably located within the end organ.
    The anesthetic solution was applied to the middle ear cavity by a transtympanic injection. Patients were either sitting erect with the head tilted toward the side contralateral to the injection or lying on their side on the examining table with the injected ear upper-most. Immediately after lidocaine instillation u severe and transient spontaneous nystagmus developed toward the injected side. This nystagmus persisted less than one minute, and was accomcanied by a subjective symptom of vertigo. Then the patient was asked to lie for five to six hours. The onset of nausea and vertigo, accompanied by a spontaneous paralytic nystagmus of several hours' duration, appeared within thirty minutes after the treatment. These signs were considerably ameliorated with the aid of antiemetic.
    The patient's condition in the morning following his first injection generally provides a reliable index for further therapy. If the tinnitus is reduced at this time, further relief can be expected by additional instillations of lidocaine repeated two or three times at intervals of 5 days.
    On the contrary, if no improvement is observed, this therapy will be ineffective. In some cases this treatment brought a transient (for a few days) slight neuro-sensorial deafness in low frequencies. This auditory disorder, however, was completely restored without sequelae.
    Our results were summarized as follows:
    1) in 20 ears, tinnitus was completel abolished.
    2) in 22 ear, tinnitus was considerably ameliorated.
    3) 6 ears, tinnitus was a slightly ameliorated
    4) in 10 ears, there was no effect.
  • 井上 靖二, 平杉 嘉昭, 安野 友博
    1976 年 79 巻 7 号 p. 747-760
    発行日: 1976/07/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    Meniere's disease is a disorder of both the peripheral auditory and vestibular systems.Although a considerable amount of studies has been performed on the function of both systems in Meniere's disease, there is little informations on the function of the peripheral auditory system. Electrocochleography makes it possible to measure human cochlear potentials for the study of the function of the cochlea. The action potential (AP) of 8 th nerve, the cochlear microphonics (CM) and summating potential (SP) were used as indicators for the function of the peripheval auditory system. They were recorded through a meatal skin surface electrode. An average response computor was employed. Acoustic stimuli were clicks and pure tone bursts between 0.5 kHz and 8 kHz. They were delivered to the human ear in u free field.
    The electrocochleographic examinations were performed on 17 ears of involved site of Meniere's disease, 13 ears with normal hearing and 35 ears with sensorineural hearing loss without dizzines.
    It was physiologically proved that a clickevoked inner ear potential after cancellation of CM was consisted of AP and SP.
    AP, SP compound potential recorded from Meniere's disease group had characteristics of a broad wave form, a large negative SP and abrupt increasing of N1 amplitude in high click intensity.
    This distortion of wave form of AP, SP compound potential was evaluated by measuring its width on base line and its SP/AP ratio. It was stastically significant that values of these parameters in Meniere's disease group was larger than in other two groups. (p<0.01)
    These results made it possible to diagnose Meniere's disease by the cochlear examination without vestibular examination.
    Diagnostic criteria of Meniere's disease based on electrocochleographic examination were as follows
    1. subjective symptome; episodic vertigo, hard of hearing and tinnitus.
    2. objective findings; SP/AP ratio is more than 0.43 under click intensity more than 81 dB.
    3. no neurological disorders except 8th nerve.
    All these conditions must be satisfied in order to obtain diagnosis of Meniere's disease.
  • 仁保 正和
    1976 年 79 巻 7 号 p. 761-771
    発行日: 1976/07/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    Two cases of dental sinusitis were treated. Their chief complaints were ear symptoms due to insufficiency of function of the Eustachian tube. Dental sinusitis in both patients was induced by the already treated teeth with little subjective and objective symptoms.
    The first case had been troubled with purulent otorrhea in spite of half a year of continuous conservative treatment followed by obstruction of the Eustachian tube for several months. The second had been suffering from feelings of fullness in the ear after a month of tympanic inflation by catheterization.
    The extraction of diseased teeth, currettage of sequester of alveolar bone, and in addition, sinusotomy were done. The above two ear symptoms did not heal until the operation of dental sinusitis.
    First case reported that purulent inflammation occurred in the middle ear which had been obstructed. But the inflammation was cured and perforation of tympanic membrane closed itself, due to recovery of function of the Eustachian tube after the operation of dental sinusitis.
    The lesions on teeth and on alveolar bone which are respectively one part of bone of face, are intimately connected with sinuses, eyes and with ears. Thus, attention must be paid also to the ear and eye disease.
    Three deductions may be allowed concerning the obstruction of the Eustachian tube caused by rhinitis and sinusitis, as follows;
    (1) Inflammatory swelling on pharyngeal orifice of the Eustachian tube.
    (2) Inflammatory swelling caused by edema, congestion and stagration of the lymph in deeper part of the peritubal tissue.
    (3) Complication of the above two.
    In addition, there can be seen some special Eustachian tube which is strongly affected by rhinitis and sinusitis even if symptom itself is very mild.
    Both patients showed marked improvement on ear symptoms after antral lavage, though the inflammations and swellings were not obvious in pharyngeal orifice of the Eustachian tubes.
    This is considered to be the same mechanism to the prompt improvement of the swelling on nasal concha at sinusitis after antral lavage.
    The obstruction of the Eustachian tube mentioned above appeared to be caused by deduction (2)
  • 野田 寛, 都川 紀正, 大木 剛, 栗田 建一, 喜友名 千佳子, 陳 煥隆
    1976 年 79 巻 7 号 p. 772-782
    発行日: 1976/07/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    The electrophoretic analysis of lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) in nasal and paranasal mucosa was estimated by Saito's method for LDH-isozymogram, and at the same time, the protein electrophoresis in the same tissues was performed, and the following results were obtained:
    1. The LDH isozyme pattern of nasal and paranasal mucosa contains all types of LDH isozyme from the type I to V, and trends to the M type (skeletal muscle type); the type IV of LDH holds the highest percentage in them.
    2, The LDH isozyme patterns of nasal mucosa, paranasal mucosa and nasal polypi are almost the same.
    3. The LDH isozyme pattern of nasal and paranasal mucosa differs from that of blood corpuscle and serum, but is similar to that, of the red bone marrow, the lung and the tonsil.
    4. With regard to 3 age groups (under 15, from 16 to 40, and over 41 years old), the components of the H type (heart muscle type) increase slightly in the nasal and paranasal mucosa of the age group under 15 years.
    5. With regard to the composition of soluble protein, albumine fraction decreases and *obulin fraction increases in the nasal and paranasal mucosa, compared with that of sera.
    6. The composition of soluble protein fraction in nasal polypi differs from that of nasal, and paranasal mucosa, but is similar to that of sera.
    7. The composition of soluble protein fraction in nasal and paranasal mucosa is lacking in variety with age.
    8. With regard to the LDH isozymogram and the protein electrophoresis from the same. nasal and paranasal mucosa, the type I of LDH isozyme is situated at the position of al-globulin fraction, the type II at that of a2-globulin fraction, the type III at that of β-globulin fraction, and the type IV and V at that of γ-globulin fraction.
  • 伝達関数の検討を中心に
    時田 喬, 宮田 英雄, 田口 拓雄, 松井 和夫, 正木 道熹, 池田 貞秀, 加藤 俊徳, 橋本 正彦
    1976 年 79 巻 7 号 p. 783-797
    発行日: 1976/07/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to explain physiological function of the vestibulo-ocular system, transfer function (TF)of the oculomotor system was studied in 5 healthy male subjects.
    For this purpose, the following three tests were pezformed, that is, eye tracking test(ETT) and pendular rotation tests(PRT)in the dark and light were respectively performed in order to examine the opto-oculomotor, vestibulo-oculomotor and optovestibulo-oculomotor system.
    The target movement and eye movement in the ETT, or the skull's angular displacement and acceleration and the eye movement in the PRT were simultaneously recorded with a polygraph and a data-recorder. From the recordings of the data-recorder, the TF was calculated using a specially designed program with PDP-12 computer, namely, the TF of the oculooculomotor system was calculated with regard to the target movement as input and the eye movement as output. From the record obtained by the PRT in the dark and light, the TF of the vestibulo-oculomotor system and the optovestibulo-oculomotor system were respectively calculated for the skull's angular displacement as input and the eye movement as output. The reason for using the skull's angular displacement as input is that the interrelationship between the head displacement and the eye movement directly indicates the vestibulo-oculomotor function which is to stabilize the retinal image during head movement. The results computed were displayed as a Bode plots(gain and phase diagram)on a cathode ray tube of the PDP-12. The results obtained were as follows.
    (1) The opto-oculomotor system performs a proportional control in eye tracking to visual object with pendular motion from 0.4 to 1.0 Hz.
    (2) The vestibulo-oculomotor system performs a derivative control in inducing the eye movement to the skull's displacement This results indicate that the eye movement produced by the vestibulo-oculomotor system is a predictive and supplemental movement which does not coincide with displacement of visual objects. And, it plays an important role in visual fixation during short, rapid head movement.
    (3) The optovestibulo-oculomotor system performs a proportional control by making the eye movement correspond to the skull's displacement during head movement from o.3 to 1.5Hz.The result indicates the capability of maintaining visual fixation to external objects through the collaboration of the eye and labyrinth. Furthermore, the result shows that the vestibulo-oculomotor system plays an active part in visual fixation during head movement with periodic motion exceeding 1.0Hz.
  • 黒須 吉夫
    1976 年 79 巻 7 号 p. 814-817
    発行日: 1976/07/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
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