日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報
Online ISSN : 1883-0854
Print ISSN : 0030-6622
ISSN-L : 0030-6622
88 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1~9を表示しています
  • 松原 隆志, 間島 雄一, 坂倉 康夫, 三吉 康郎
    1985 年 88 巻 5 号 p. 611-615
    発行日: 1985/05/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    The importance of mucociliary transport in the defense of the respiratory airways has long been recognized because the mucociliary transport of the airways serves to remove inhaled particle matter from the upper and lower respiratory tracts. As it is generally accepted that mucociliary transport is the results of the interaction between ciliary activity and the mucus, mucociliary transport can be altered by changes in ciliary function or by changes of physical properties of the mucus. In this study the effect of physical properties of nasal mucus on mucociliary transport was examined.
    The nasal mucus was collected from the patients with chronic sinusitis. The dry weight was used as the parameter of physical properties of the mucus because our preliminary study showed the significant correlation between the dry weight and viscoelasticity of nasal mucus. The dry weight was expressed mg per wet weight of nasal mucus. Mucociliary transport rate of 78 mucus samples was determined by the mucus depleted frog palate technique reported by Sade and compared to the dry weight of the nasal mucus.
  • ろうでない症例について
    岡本 牧人, 設楽 哲也, 八尾 和雄
    1985 年 88 巻 5 号 p. 616-625
    発行日: 1985/05/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    Sensori-neural hearing loss due to mumps is well-known for otologists as sudden, unilateral and total deafness, which is hard to recover. But the cases with not severe hearing loss are less popular.
    Seven cases of lightly or moderately impaired sensori-neural hearing loss due to mumps were reported in this paper. Four of them complained vertigo and another one had a compli-cation of aseptic meningitis. Five cases were treated according to the ordinary therapy for sudden deafness. Hearing loss of two cases were completely recovered but one had a second attack of vertigo 1 year later. Other two cases revealed exacerbation of the hearing and vertigo attack within 3 to 5 months after onset.
  • 渡辺 周一
    1985 年 88 巻 5 号 p. 626-632
    発行日: 1985/05/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    A bone conduction hearing aid is considered to be useful in aiding the patients with conductive hearing loss or partially mixed hearing loss. However, the bone conduction hearing aid is inferior to a air conduction hearing aid in sound characteristics. The standard for calibrating these hearing aids has not yet established. Little is known about the standard.
    The vibratory mode of the receiver of the bone conduction hearing aid was analyzed by holographic interferometry.
    The technique used was time averaged holography with the light source of an argon laser, the wave length of which was 5145 A.
    In the present study, 6 types of bone conduction hearing aid were used. The input voltage of each receiver was 0.5 to 2.5V. The frequency was 250 to 8, 000Hz. The vibration of the receiver was recorded and reproduced. Further, the vibration was gained and recorded in a free sound field of sound pressure of 80 to 105dB SPL and frequency of 250 to 2, 000Hz and following results were obtained.
    1) The frequency of the bone conduction hearing aid was characterized by the peak around 1, 000Hz and a rapid reduction in the region of high frequency.
    2) In the region of low frequency of 250Hz or 500Hz, an increase in the output will lead to improvement in the properties of the hearing aid to some extent. However, improvement in the region of high frequency around 8, 000Hz seemed to be difficult.
    3) In respect to the vibration pattern of the bone conduction hearing aid, two patterns (hinge-like movement and distortion movement) were observed according to the type of the hearing aid. However, the difference in the pressure on the skull seemed practically insignificant among the hearing aids.
  • 第3報 鼻からの抗原吸収
    岡本 美孝
    1985 年 88 巻 5 号 p. 633-642
    発行日: 1985/05/20
    公開日: 2008/12/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    Nasal provocation test, by placing the allergen disc on the nasal mucosa of the patient with pollinosis consecutively, brought easily the systemic symptoms such as cough, periorbital edema, and urticaria.
    Similarly, the sensitized guinea pigs showed a change upon respiratory examination after the nasal administration of a large doses of the allergen.
    On the other band, an extract of Bordetella bronchiseptica induced an anaphylactic reaction in guinea pigs and γ1 antibody participated in this reaction.
    After the nasal administration of radioisotope labeled extract of the bacteria, radioactivity in the blood of guinea pigs sensitized with the extract, was lower than that of non-sensitized guinea pigs.
    These facts suggest that the nasal mucosa could absorb a high molecular substance such as an antigen, and that the existence of the antibody in nasal mucosa has a great influence on absorption of the antigen from nasal mucosa.
  • 進 武幹, 前山 忠嗣, 森川 郁郎, 渡部 俊
    1985 年 88 巻 5 号 p. 643-650
    発行日: 1985/05/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this investigation is to elucidate the morphological and physiological aspects of the deglutition reflex.
    Two different procedures were used for this study: 1) microscopic and electronmicroscopic observations of the receptors in the human and feline larynges, 2) simultaneous recordings of electromyogram of 8 selected muscles, i. e., the cricothyroid, thyroarytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, hyopharyngeal, thyropharyngeal and cricopharyngeal muscles, with polygraphic recordings of laryngeal movement and subglottal pressure during deglutition elicited by water pouring into the pharynx of a cat.
    On the basis of the results, the following conclusions appear to be justified.
    1) Free endings were found in the mucosa of the epiglottis in the feline.
    2) Free endings and corpuscular endings were observed in the mucosa of the epiglottis in the human.
    3) Free endings were observed in the mucosa of the arytenoid region and vocal fold in the human.
    4) Electronmicroscopically, the receptor in the human was found to be adjacent to the basal cell layer of the epithelium with a partially uncapusulated portion.
    5) The intrinsic and the extrinsic laryngeal muscles are activated with a highly constant pattern in each deglutition.
    6) Subglottal pressure rises before laryngeal elevation, temporarily drops during laryngeal ele vation and rises again during downwards movement of the larynx. This pattern is not affected by resection of the unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve.
  • 白根 誠
    1985 年 88 巻 5 号 p. 651-658
    発行日: 1985/05/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    The action potential of an isolated frog utricle was recorded using a suction electrode. The utricle was stimulated with iron sand which was spread evenly on the macula. A magnetic
    force was employed to induce the iron sand to depress the macula lightly. From this experiment, two kinds of action potentials were recorded from the utricular nerve. One was the phasic component with adaptation and the other was the tonic component without adaptation.
    The phasic component adapted in 5-8 seconds after the onset of the stimulus. When two stimuli were superimposed, amplitudes of the potential evoked by the second stimulus were almost the same, regardless of the timing of the second stimulus. In addition, the amplitudes of the potential evoked by the second stimulus varied exactly in accordance with the intensity of the second stimulus. These results indicated that the utricle has two kinds of receptors with different thresholds. Furthermore, it is suggested that receptors of the phasic components accurately monitor the changes of the stimulus intensity.
    Streptomycin (SM) or 3', 4'-dideoxykanamycin B (DKB) were added to the frog Ringer's solution in order to examine the effect of these drugs on the phasic component of the frog utricle. Action potential completely disappeared with the concentratin of 600γ/ml of SM and 300γ/ml of DKB.
    The ototoxicity of these drugs on the vestibular sensory cells possibly depends on the efficacy of the drug itself as well as on the affinity of the drug to the sensory cells.
  • 吉田 淳一, 佐々木 良二, 前田 一, 松永 亨
    1985 年 88 巻 5 号 p. 659-664
    発行日: 1985/05/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    From 1967 through 1980, fifty four patients with tonsillar carcinoma were treated at Osaka University Hospital. The male to female ratio was 3. 5 : 1. The age was distributed from 26 to 82 years. The majority of patients were in their sixties and seventies.
    According to the TNM classification (UICC 1978), twelve cases were in T1, 22 cases in T2, 19 cases in T3 and 1 case in T4. Cervical metastasis were found in 36 patients (67%) at first examination.
    Radiation therapy was performed as the initial treatment on all of the patients. Various kinds of treatment such as surgery, re-radiation, Radium implantation, and chemotherapy were used with the radiation failure cases. Among them, surgical salvage was the most effective. The five and ten year accumlated survival rates were 49% and 36% respectively.
  • 涌谷 治夫
    1985 年 88 巻 5 号 p. 665-677
    発行日: 1985/05/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    A platform was constructed which rolles 0 to 10 degrees in 0 to 0.6Hz of a sign wave pattern. A force plate was set on this platform, and the movement of the center of gravity of subjects standing on the platform was recorded on a stabilogram.
    Only a few subjects could keep standing at a roll of 5 degrees, so the level of 2.5 degrees of roll was chosen for further study. Frequency and correlation analysis were conducted focussing on the upper limit of the power spectrum and the phase shifts. Subjects results on both of these parameter changed at the critical level of 0.2Hz of roll.
    A study using this device was conducted on 100 normal subjects, 15 peripheral vestibular subjects (peripheral group), and 12 central nervous system disturbance subjects (CNS group). At a rolling of 2.5 degrees and 0.05Hz the CNS group could be differentiated from the vestibular and normal groups by the higher value of the upper limits of its power spectrums in frequency analysis and the earlier phase shift of its centers of gravity in correlation analysis. The results of the vestibular group did not differ from the results of the normal group in these parameters. In the unstability score, which is the author's own assessment system, the scores of the patients' groups were higher than those of the normal group.
    In conclusion, it is possible to distinguish CNS patients from peripheral vestibular patients and normal subjects by using this new technique of frequency and correlation analysis of rolling platform stabilograms. It appears that this technique may have clinical diagnostic value.
  • 星川 治子
    1985 年 88 巻 5 号 p. 678-686
    発行日: 1985/05/20
    公開日: 2008/03/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    To investigate the characteristics of the head movements and the mechanisms of gaze, stabilization during walking and running, eye and head movements were recorded in 10 normal subjects and 8 patients with labyrinthine lesions, who repeated stepping (1.OHz) and running (1.5Hz) on the same spot.
    1. In normal subjects, head displacements during stepping were limited in the vertical, right-left and anteroposterior directions (0.8, 1.5 and 1.5cm on average, respectively), and the head rotations and the eye movements were also small. During running, the increase in the vertical head displacement (5.5cm on average) induced rhythmical pitching motions of the head and vertical eye movements.
    2. In patients with labyrinthine lesions, both the horizontal head displacement and the rotation amplitude became twice as large as those in normal subjects during either locomotion, however, horizontal eye movements did not correspondingly increase. The vertical head displacements during running resembled those of normal subjects, but the amplitude of pitching motion of the head significantly decreased.
    3) The spatial stabilization of the head during stepping in normal subjects indicated that walking is a suitable locomotion for gaze stabilization. On the other hand, the head was more unstable during running, however, the pitching motions of the head resulting from vertical head displacements seemed to reduce the concussion of the head and produce vertical compensatory eye movements which maintained the gaze stabilization.
    4) In patients with labyrinthine lesions, the horizontal eye movements did not compensate the horizontal head movements during walking and running. Furthermore, since the pitching motions of the head could not be produced rhythmically during running, the vertical body oscillations were directly conducted to the head. The abnormalities of the head movements in addition to the insufficient compensations may cause oscillopsia in these patients.
    5) The present study indicated that the head stabilization is essential to maintain the gaze stabilization during walking and running and that the semicircular canals-ocular reflexes act a major role in these mechanisms.
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