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Volume 166 (1992)
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- Issue 3 Pages 269-
- Issue 2 Pages 201-
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Volume 166, Issue 3
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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CHING-LIN TSAI, TANG-KUE LIU1992 Volume 166 Issue 3 Pages 269-279
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTSAI, C.-L. and LIU, T.-K. Lymphocyte Subsets and Mitogen Induced Proliferation in Adjuvant Arthritis. Part I. Migration and Function of the Peripheral T Lymphocytes. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1992, 166 (3), 269-279 - Adjuvant arthritis (AA) was used as an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis in this study. Seventy 10-week-old inbred female rats of both Long-Evans rats (LE, high responder of adjuvant arthritis) and Sprague-Dawley rats (SD, low responder of adjuvant arthritis) were inoculated with adjuvant. Using monoclonal antibodies, we demonstrated that redistribution, migration, or an imbalance of T lymphocytes rather than the change of total T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of AA. After the adjuvant injection, the lymphocytic proliferative responses of LE and SD rats to phytohemaggultin (PHA) had no significant difference, whereas the response of LE rats to concavanalin A (ConA) was significantly lower than that of SD rats. In addition, a highly significant positive correlation was found between the absolute numbers of helper T cells and the lymphocytic proliferative response to PHA, and between absolute numbers of suppressor T cells and the lymphocytic proliferative response to Con A. We postulated high responder strain LE would have a defect in suppressor T lymphocytes leading to severe arthritis, while in low responder strain SD, adjuvant-activated suppressor T lymphocytes might reduce the severity of arthritis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1028K) -
CHING-LIN TSAI, TANG-KUE LIU1992 Volume 166 Issue 3 Pages 281-288
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTSAI, C.-L. and LIU, T.-K. Lymphocyte Subsets and Mitogen Induced Proliferation in Adjuvant Arthritis. Part II. Changes in Function and Numbers of Lymph Node T Lymphoyctes. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1992, 166 (3), 281-288 - To evaluate the effects of lymphocytes on the pathogenesis of adjuvant arthritis (AA), the lymphocytic responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) and the percentages of T cell subpopulations were investigated in the inguinal lymph nodes of Long-Evans (LE) rats and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats after a single injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. The response of LE to PHA increased to its maximum on the 14th day and correlated with the severity of AA. The responses of LE and SD rats to Con A were decreased on the 7th, 11th, and 14th days. Additionally, percentage of suppressor T cells of LE rats was lower than that of SD rats. Significant increases of percentage of helper T cells and of helper/suppressor T cell ratio were observed in LE rats, indicating a decrease or defect in the suppressor T cells in LE rats. In LE, we postulated that helper T cells are involved in the induction of AA, and a defect in the suppressor T cell function or numbers would subject LE to the development of AA. SD rats, on the other hand, with higher suppressor T cell numbers, were less susceptible to AA.View full abstractDownload PDF (792K) -
CHING-LIN TSAI, TANG-KUE LIU1992 Volume 166 Issue 3 Pages 289-296
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTSAI, C.-L. and LIU, T.-K. Lymphocyte Subsets and Mitogen Induced Proliferation in Adjuvant Arthritis. Part III. Numbers and Functions of T Lymphocytes in Spleen. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1992, 166 (3), 289-296 - The changes and the possible roles of splenic T lymphocyte subpopulations in high-responder Long-Evans (LE) rats and low-responder Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with induced adjuvant arthritis (AA) were investigated. Total splenic T lymphocytes of both strains did not change significantly after the adjuvant injection. However, LE rats exhibited an increase in percentage of helper T cells and helper/suppressor T cell ratio, whereas SD rats expressed a decrease in the ratio with concomitant increase of suppressor T cells. This observation suggested that an imbalance of T lymphocyte ratio not only existed in the peripheral blood as reported by other investigators, but also existed in the spleen of rats with AA. In vitro measurement of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) responses of splenic T lymphocytes revealed an increased PHA response in LE but a markedly decreased PHA response in SD. Both LE and SD rats showed decreased response to concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation. We concluded that PHA response, as an index of helper T cell function, coincided with the development of AA and may be responsible for the immunoregulation of the disease. The increased proliferation of suppressor T cell in SD rats may also be significant in regulating the immune response to AA.View full abstractDownload PDF (809K) -
HAJIME HOSHI, HIROSHI AIJIMA, KAEKO HORIE, HIDETSUGU NAGATA, TORU KANE ...1992 Volume 166 Issue 3 Pages 297-307
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHOSHI, H., AIJIMA, H., HORIE, K., NAGATA, H., KANEKO, T. and IKEDA, T. Lymph Follicles and Germinal Centers in Popliteal Lymph Nodes and Other Lymphoid Tissues of Germ-Free and Conventional Rats. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1992, 166 (3), 297-307 - A study was conducted to evaluate the influence of natural exogenous antigen stimulation on the development of lymph follicles in the peripheral lymphoid organs of the rat. The number of lymph follicles and germinal centers per Popliteal node as well as the morphological features of popliteal nodes, mesenteric nodes and Peyer's patches were compared between 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats reared in germ-free, specific pathogen-free (SPF) and conventional environments. In mesenteric nodes and Peyer's patches from conventional and SPF rats, almost every follicle contained a germinal center. In the mesenteric nodes from germ-free rats, only 9 of 195 lymph follicles examined contained a germinal center, but interestingly, in Peyer's patches all the lymph follicles examined showed a fairly well developed germinal center. The popliteal nodes from germ-free rats had no germinal centers and each node contained about 80 lymph follicles. In six conventional rats and two of five SPF rats used, the number of lymph follicles per popliteal node usually ranged from 100 to 130, and some lymph follicles contained a germinal center. However, in the other three SPF rats the popliteal node on both sides showed no germinal center, and each contained almost the same number of lymph follicles as the popliteal nodes of other SPF and conventional rats. The present results are consistent with the view that even in the absence of exogenous antigen stimulation, a regional lymph node of the germ-free rat develops a substantial number of primary lymph follicles by way of a non-immunological cellular activity, and that natural exogenous antigens may influence the development of lymph follicles by stimulating the cellular activity rather than evoking the humoral immune responses.View full abstractDownload PDF (3375K) -
SHUKO TAKAGI, HIROSHI MANO, MASASHI TSUNODA, HIROTO NAKADAIRA, KAZUO E ...1992 Volume 166 Issue 3 Pages 309-319
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTAKAGI, S., MANO, H., TSUNODA, M., NAKADAIRA, H., ENDOH, K. and YAMAMOTO, M. Acute Toxicity of Tri-n-Butyltin Chloride (TBTC) in the Syrian Golden Hamster. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1992, 166 (3), 309-319 - The effects of tri-n-Butyltin chloride (TBTC) on Syrian golden hamsters were studied. TBTC in single doses of 0, 29.6, 44.4, 66.7, 100 or 150mg/kg were given to 10 male hamsters in each group and the mortality rates were determined two weeks thereafter. They were 0% (0/10), 0% (0/10), 10% (1/10), 10% (1/10), 30% (3/10) and 70% (7/10) for 0, 29.6, 44.4, 66.7, 100 and 150mg/kg groups, respectively. In the case of females, seven groups consisting of 10 animals each were given TBTC at doses of 0, 29.6, 44.4, 66.7, 100, 150, or 225mg/kg. The mortality rates determined two weeks after the TBTC treatment were 0% (0/10), 10% (1/10), 10% (1/10), 0% (0/10), 40% (4/10), 30% (3/10) and 90% (9/10) for 0, 29.6, 44.4, 66.7, 100, and 225 mg/kg groups, respectively. Based on these mortality data, the LD50s via oral administration were determined as 146.9mg/kg (95% C.I. 111.8-193.3mg/kg) for the male and 172mg/kg (95% C.I. 127.2-233.4mg/kg) for the female. Regarding pathological changes, animals experienced lesions in the bile duct, such as the dilatation of the common bile duct and cholestasis, and/or adhesion of the bile duct to the liver, gallbladder, pancreas and duodenum. In a separate experiment, a single dose of 44.4mg/kg TBTC was administered orally to 12 male hamsters, then the concentrations of TBTC and its metabolite, di-n-butyltin chloride (DBTC), in the liver were analyzed by means of gas chromatography for 14 days after the treatment. The maximum concentrations of TBTC and DBTC appeared one day after the administration, and decreased rapidly thereafter. The concentration of DBTC was found to be higher than that of TBTC throughout the experimental period.View full abstractDownload PDF (950K) -
NOBUYOSHI SHIMIZU, YOSHIAKI MIYAI, MOTOI AOE, MASAO NAKATA, HIROSHI DA ...1992 Volume 166 Issue 3 Pages 321-329
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSHIMIZU, N., MIYAI, Y., AOE, M., NAKATA, M., DATE, H. and TERAMOTO, S. The Effects of Radical Scavengers and Leukocyte-Depleted Blood on Reperfusion Injury of Extirpated Rabbit Lung. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1992, 166 (3), 321-329 - Oxygen radicals produced by polymorphonuclear leukocytes were considered primarily responsible for reperfusion injury in lung transplantation. Using the extirpated rabbit lungs as a transplant model, we measured lung water volume, the oxygen radicals of lung tissue using a direct method (electron spin resonance) and an indirect method (measurement of peroxide lipids). The effects of free radical scavengers, human superoxide dismutase (h-SOD) and catalase (CAT), and leukocyte-depleted blood on reperfusion injury were evaluated in three experimental groups. Group I (n=8, control): Lung reperfusion was performed with blood from other rabbits. Group II (n=7): Immediately before reperfusion, h-SOD (1, 500u/ml) and CAT (3, 000u/ml) were added to the blood. Group III (n=7): Reperfusion was performed with the leukocyte-depleted blood. Severe pulmonary edema and an elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) occurred in Group I. In Group II, addition of radical scavengers to the reperfusion blood produced only mild pulmonary edema, but an elevation of MDA occurred as in Group I. In Group III, pulmonary edema and MDA elevation were almost completely suppressed.View full abstractDownload PDF (783K) -
Histopathological Investigation and Measurement of Intrapulmonary Particulate Deposits AmountsMASAHITO KARIYA1992 Volume 166 Issue 3 Pages 331-343
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSKARIYA, M. Is There Any Effect of Volcanic Eruptions of Mount Sakurajima on Human Lungs? - Histopathological Investigation and Measurement of Intrapulmonary Particulate Deposits Amounts. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1992, 166 (3), 331-343 - In order to investigate effects of volcanic eruptions of Mt. Sakurajima on human lungs, an amount of intrapulmonary particulate deposits (IPD) and histopathological changes were evaluated, using autopsied lungs of deceased residents of Kagoshima (the area affected most by the volcanic eruptions of Mt. Sakurajima, n=66) in comparison with those of Saitama (n=73). The amount of IPD was measured by macroscopic image analysis and by alkaline extraction. Correlation was seen in the IPD values obtained by these two methods (Spearman's correlation coefficient: 0.525). The IPD value measured through chemical digestion, which increased with age, was lower in the residents of Kagoshima (17.0±6.3mg/g) than in those of Saitama (26.8±10.6mg/g). This difference of IPD value between Kagoshima and Saitama residents was also observed in male, female, smoker and nonsmoker subgroups. The incidence of pulmonary emphysema was not different between Kagoshima and Saitama cases. No silicotic nodules were observed in any cases. But, the incidence of bronchial goblet cell hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia in Kagoshima was higher than that in Saitama in male cases and smoker cases. In Kagoshima cases, the incidence of squamous metaplasia was significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. The synergistic influence of volcanic eruptions and cigarette smoking on human airways was suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (1580K) -
RYUICHI NAKAMURA, KENJI SUZUKI, YOSHIAKI YAMADA, TAKETOSHI HANDA1992 Volume 166 Issue 3 Pages 345-353
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNAKAMURA, R., SUZUKI, K., YAMADA, Y. and HANDA, T. Computer-Assisted Gait Training (CAGT ) of Hemiparetic Stroke Patients: Whose Recovery Is Most Predictable? Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1992, 166 (3), 345-353 - Maximum walking speed for 10m distance of 109 hemiparetic stroke patients was examined every week for 7 weeks after starting computer-assisted gait training (CAGT), and the relation between the time since stroke onset (x) and the maximum walking speed (y) was approximated by a hyperbolic function, y=A-B/x. The patients were divided into two groups, 91 cases with a significant fit of the function (fit group) and 18 without fit (non-fit). The gain of maximum walking speed during 7 weeks was larger in the fit group, compared to the non-fit. Computed tomography examination revealed that the significant fit was mostly expected in patients with the caspular lesion without the cortical involvements except the frontal. The time at which the maximum walking speed of the patients belonging to the fit group would reach the midst of the estimated full recovery of gait can be predicted at the start of CAGT (R2=0.955), using two variables: the time since stroke onset and the maximum walking speed.View full abstractDownload PDF (831K) -
HIROYUKI KAWASAKI, TAKURO OGATA1992 Volume 166 Issue 3 Pages 355-373
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSKAWASAKI, H. and OGATA, T. Scanning Electron Microscopic Study on the Three-Dimensional Structure of the Collagen Fibrillar Framework in the Chronic Active Hepatitis and Liver Cirrhosis. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1992, 166 (3), 355-373 - The three-dimensional collagen framework of human liver parenchyma in surgical specimens from patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), viral or alcoholic cirrhoses (LC) was observed by scanning electron microscopy after cell-maceration by the method of Ohtani (1988). In control livers, the tubular sheaths of collagen fibers housing the sinusoid were shown to form a labyrinthine network, which we called the perisinusoidal collagen sheaths (PSCSs), and a loose band-like collagen sheath was seen embracing each hepatocyte, which we called the perihepatocellular collagen sheath (PHCS). In CAR, thin septa partially surrounded the lobules, but the PHCS and PSCS appeared almost unchanged. In viral LC, thick collagen septa surrounded pseudolobules of various sizes. In these conditions, the collagen density was slight in PSCSs, while in PHCSs, it was prominent and associated with an enlargement of sheaths themselves. In alcoholic LC of mixed type, the basic structure of the collagen framework closely imitated that of viral LC.View full abstractDownload PDF (11885K) -
YUKITAKA FUKUSHIMA, YOHKO KANNO, AKIRA B. MIURA1992 Volume 166 Issue 3 Pages 375-385
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFUKUSHIMA, Y., KANNO, Y. and MIURA, A.B. Three-Lineage Hemopoietic Precursor Cells and Effectiveness of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1992, 166 (3), 375-385 - Four-stem-cell assays, which evaluate megakaryocytic (CFU-Meg), immature and mature erythropoietic (BFU-E, CFU-E), and granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) colony formation, were performed in nine patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The CFU-Meg, BFU-E, and CFU-E colony growths were disturbed more often than the CFU-GM colony formation. A CFU-E increase was not recognized in most MDS patients, but a dose-dependent increase of bone marrow CFU-Es in response to erythropoietin (EPO) was recognized only in two refractory anemia (RA) patients whose CFU-Es were more than one tenth of normal controls. One patient with RA and the other with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), both of whose bone marrow CFU-Es did not increase at the higher dose of EPO in vitro, were treated with recombinant human EPO (rHuEPO), resulting in no effects. The responsiveness of patients with MDS to various recombinant hemopoietic factors might be predicted by both the residual degree of bone marrow hematopoietic precursor cells and the response of stem cells to the higher doses of each hemopoietic factor.View full abstractDownload PDF (1028K) -
KOZO ITO, YOSHIKI INOUE, KOSHIRO OBATA, KIICHIRO NODA1992 Volume 166 Issue 3 Pages 387-394
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSITO, K., INOUE, Y., OBATA, K. and NODA, K. Peritoneal Cytology in Endometrial Carcinoma. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1992, 166 (3), 387-394 - Peritoneal cytology is accepted as part of the evaluation for patients undergoing laparotomy for a suspected or proven gynecologic malignancy. The study subjects were 83 patients with endometrial carcinoma. We investigated the significance of peritoneal cytology in endometrial carcinoma. Cytological positive results were observed in 11 (23%) of the 48 T1 cases, 9 (50%) of the 18 T2 cases and 4 (50%) of the 8 T3 cases. Cytological positive rates by histological differentiations were 14 (28%) for 50 G1 cases, 4 (36%) for 11 G2 cases and 6 (46%) for 13 G3 cases. Cytological positive results were found in 11 (28%) of 39 cases of less than 1/3 of intramuscular infiltration and 13 (37%) of 35 cases of 1/3 or more infiltration. Five (56%) of 9 metastasis cases and 17 (29%) of 59 nonmetastasis cases were found positive cytologically. An analysis of the data indicated that the influence of positive peritoneal cytology on recurrence superceded that of other known risk factors, such as grade, myometrial invasion, extrauterine disease, and lymph node metastasis. The patients with normal cytological findings at laparotomy tend to have a significantly (p<0.01) better prognosis than similar patients with abnormal cytological findings.View full abstractDownload PDF (725K) -
SHOGO YAMADA, YOSHIHIRO TAKAI, KENJI NEMOTO, YOSHIHIRO OGAWA, YOSHIHIS ...1992 Volume 166 Issue 3 Pages 395-401
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSYAMADA, S., TAKAI, Y., NEMOTO, K., OGAWA, Y., KAKUTO, Y., Rosin, A., SAKAMOTO, K., KIMURA, Y. and KOBARI, M. Intraoperative Radiation Therapy Combined with Hyperthermia against Pancreatic Carcinoma. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1992, 166 (3), 395-401 - Fourteen patients with pancreatic carcinoma were treated by intraoperative radiation therapy (TORT) combined with hyperthermia (hyperthermia group). Their treatment results were compared with those of fifty five patients treated by TORT without hyperthermia (control group). Most of patients underwent some kind of chemotherapy for the carcinoma and some of them received post-operative irradiation. Although there was no significant difference in pain relief between hyperthermia group and control group, the local tumor control rate of the former group was a little better. The survival rate of all patients was 14.5% at one year, 2.9% at two years, 2.9% at three years and 0% at four years after surgery. The survival rate of the hyperthermia group was 21.4% at one year and 7.1% at two years and that of the control group was 12.7% at one year and 1.8% at two years. The survival of the hyperthermia group was a little better than that of control group, but the difference was not significant. Only 36% of patients of hyperthermia group were successfully heated, and if hyperthermia were given successfully to all patients, their prognoses would be possibly improved.View full abstractDownload PDF (579K) -
TAKASHI MORITA, TOSHIHIKO TSUJII, SHUN KONDO1992 Volume 166 Issue 3 Pages 403-405
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMORITA, T., TSUCHIYA, N., TSUJII, T. and KONDO, S. Changes of Autonomic Receptors Following Castration and Estrogen Administration in the Male Rabbit Urethral Smooth Muscle. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1992, 166 (3), 403-405 - Effects of castration and estrogen administration on the distribution of autonomic receptors in the male rabbit urethral smooth muscle were examined. Thirty-eight mature Japanese white rabbits were used. Eight rabbits were used as untreated control. The other 30 rabbits were castrated and 10 of them were administered intramuscularly with 5mg/kg estrogen 3 times a week for 4 weeks from 12 weeks after castration. Autonomic receptor densities in the urethral smooth muscle were measured by radioligand binding techniques. α1-Adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor densities decreased significantly after castration and were not of fected by estrogen administration. α2-Adrenergic receptor density increased slightly after castration and markedly after estrogen administration. β-Adrenergic receptors were not affected either by castration or estrogen administration. No significant changes were observed in any receptor affinities. These results demonstrate the effects of castration and estrogen administration on the autonomic receptors in the male rabbit urethral smooth muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (298K)
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