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Volume 58 (1953)
- Issue 3-4 Pages 199-
- Issue 2 Pages 105-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 58, Issue 3-4
Displaying 1-26 of 26 articles from this issue
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Hideo Koizumi1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 199-210
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mucous membrane of larynx in dog is smaller and simpler than in man in scale. The epithelium is either stratified flat or multi-lined ciliated, the major part of larynx being covered by the former and pars intercartilaginea and pars inferior laryngis only being surfaced by the latter type of epithelium. The height of epithelium is lower than that of man. These facts suggest the lower stage of development of nerves, especially sensory nerves in this part, in dog than in man.
The nerves supplyint the laryngeal mucous membrane are originated in n. laryngicus cranialis of n. vagus and truncus sympathicus cervicalis. The former consists-of thick sensory fibres and fine parasympathetic fibres, which divide into small bundles upon reaching to basis of epiglottis.
The majority of nerves for epiglottis run over the laryngeal side, only a small minority going to the pharyngeal side. The former penetrate the small pores of cartilago epiglottidis and pass into plexus submucosus and plexus tunicae propriae, latter also pass into both plexus, but their development is very inferior. These plexuses are much more backward in development than those in adult human larynx (Sasaki), resembling more those in tenth month embryo (Momono).
The nerves for the extraepiglottid mucous membrane of larynx are less well-developed than those for epiglottis, but they may be called rather strong only in plica ventricularis and pars intercartilaginea, being poor in ventriculus laryngis and pars inferior laryngis and extremely poor in pars intermembranacea.
As in man, the epiglottis is best provided with sensory fibres in the whole area of larynx. Yet their development is far below that of human larynx. Firstly, in man, both the Types I and II of sensory terminations related with Hering's blood pressure falling reflex are formed conspicuously, in dog, only the simpler Type II is observed. Sencondly, in man, the existence of complex corpursclar terminations is clarified, whereas in dog, only a few very simple non-capsulated glomerular terminations are observed. This situation is much in similarity with the larynx in tenth month human embryo.
Thus, the sensory terminations in the mucous membrane of canine larynx are mostly represented by simplest unbranched and simple branched terminations. However, more complex branched terminations, such as plexus-like terminations are also observed, though in a small quantity. They are generally composed of thick fibres showing peculiar change in size and winding course.
Besides, intraepithelial fibres are demonstrated. They are lower in development than in human adult, but very remarkable on the laryngeal side. Their terminal formation, however, is more similar to those in tenth month human embryo than those in adult human, and classifiable into three types. The Type I consists of fine fibres, the Type II of thick fibres with frequent change in size and the Type III represents an intermediary form of the two former. All of them are again divisible into unbranched and branched terminations. These fibres run in the epithelium very irregularly, to end finally sharply or bluntly.
Sensory terminations in extraepiglottid area of larynx in dog are also much poorer developed than in adult man, resembling more those of tenth month human embryo. The development of sensory fibres is also here parallel to the development of plexus in subepithelial tissue, being at best in plica ventricularis, next in pars intercartilaginea, poor in ventriculus laryngis and pars inferior laryngis and poorest in pars intermembrananacea.
There are two types of sensory terminations related with H.ering's blood pressure falling reflex in man, but only Type IT terminations are observable in dog, which are formed simpler than in human adult. Corpusclar terminations are found in many places in man, while in dog, only very infantile non-capsulated glomerular terminations are found in plica ventricularis, and in no other parts.View full abstractDownload PDF (3718K) -
Hideo Koizumi1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 211-215
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTaste-buds are most abundant in canine larynx on the laryngeal side of epiglottis, next in plica ventricularis and the inside of cartilage arytaenoides. Some are also found in the glottid part and pars inter-cartilaginea rimae glottidis lined by stratified flat epithelium.
The development of sensory nerves to the taste-buds is lower than in man. The sensory fibres originate in the subepithelial plexus, and most of them pass into unbranched or simple branched terminations, though some are found ending in simple glomerular or plexus-like terminations directly under the taste-buds. In rare cases, fibres are seen further penetrating into the taste-buds, to form intra- and extragemmal fibres. These sensory fibres are composed in most part of thick fibres, and a smaller number of fine fibres, the latter as well as the former being probably of sensory nature.
The taste-buds are classified into those provided with both thick fibres and thin fibres (the most richly supplied type), those provided with only thick fibres, those provided with thin fibres only, and those that are lacking in all nerve supply. In man, the development of sensory nerves to taste-buds becomes worse as we go down from the laryngeal side of epiglottis to the caudal part of larynx, but in dog, this innervation is very disorderly. The most part of taste-buds in canine larynx is represented by those without sensory innervation.View full abstractDownload PDF (922K) -
Hajime Masamune, Tugio Maehara, Sen-itiroh Hakomori, Hidetake Hirata1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 216
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Hideo Koizumi, Shiro Mikami1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 217-221
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe development of sensory nerve fibres in the mucous membrane of larynx of canine fetus in the last stage is weaker than that in grownup dog, but the distribution is much the same, being richest on the laryngeal side of epiglottis and poorest in pars intermembranacea and ventriculus laryngis.
No formation of sensory terminations related with Hering's blood pressure falling reflex has been observed, neither of Type I nor Type II. These are presumed to be formed gradually after birth. The sensory terminations are in general represented by unbranched and simple branched terminations. Some of them frequently pass into intraepithelial fibres which are especially well-developed on the laryngeal side of epiglottis, so as to compare favorably with those in adult dog.
The formation of taste-buds in larynx is not much different from that in adult dog, no noteworthy difference existing between the developments of the sensory fibres to the taste-buds of fetal and adult dogs. However, their terminations are in fetus generally simpler than in adult in structure, intra- and extragemmal fibres being found only rarely.View full abstractDownload PDF (1725K) -
9th ReportHajime Masamune, Zensaku Yosizawa1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 222
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Toru Mizukoshi1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 223-233
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe ground plexus around the bronchus and bronchial branches, the secondary plexus in the inner side of the bronchial cartilages and the plexus under the bronchial epithelium are in remarkable formation in 4th month embryo. These plexuses become poorer in development as the bronchial branches approach their ends, and in the small uncartilaged bronchial branches, there are found only weakly developed plexus around their walls. Some nerve elements are observed penetrating into the circumference of the bronchuli and alveolar ducts.
The distribution of the nerve cells in the lung of human embryo is much the same as in adult. They aggregate along or in the nerve bundles of ground plexus, to form capsulated or non-capsulated ganglia, but sometimes sporadic existence of 1 or 3 cells is also observable.
The nerve cells in the lung of 4th month embryo are large cells containing ober-sized cell nucleus and protoplasm staining red under my silver staining and including extremely minute fibril net. In general, the form is as yet round and infantile, but some have already grown a few processes and appear stellar in shape. By the 6th month, these cells show some increase in size, the fibril net-work becomes more marked and the number of cells with processes also rises somewhat. In the 8th month, the above developments become more accentuated, the processes in particular showing powerful development. However, the development of nerve processes is as yet far weaker than in adult, the distinction between the cells of Types I and II of Dogiel being impossible at this stage.
The termination of vegetative fibres, in the lung of human embryo as well as of adult, form Stöhr's terminalreticulum, which is very conspicuous in the 4th month already.
Also in the lung of human embryo, the existence of a considerable number of sensory fibres and their endings, apparently originating in the vagus nerve, is observable. However, the endings are as yet of simple nature, no such complex endings as found in adult lung being represented. Consequently, such complex sensory endings as those connected with blood pressure falling reflex (Sunder-Plassmann) have never been found.
Such infantility in terminal formation is of course the most marked in 4th month embryo. The sensory endings are represented by unbranched or simple branched terminations in the muscle layer or the subepithelial tissue of the bronchial branches. Intraepithelial fibres are found, but they also show unbranched. or very simple branched formation and are very small in number, as compared with those in adult lung.
The distribution of the aorta nerve of sensory nature concerned with blood pressure falling reflex is much wider in the embryo than in the adult, extending partially to the root of a. pulmonalis (Yabuki15)), and as I have found, to its distal prolongation. The sensory endings seen here are much simpler in scale than those in the root of a. pulmonalis but the same in general structure as the latter, being represented by simple branched endings conssisting of 2 or 3 branches showing peculiar change in size running along the muscle fibres in the media. These are found in good development in 4th month embryo, but fall into degeneration in the later months.
No existence of sensory terminations may be found around the pulmonary vein.View full abstractDownload PDF (3814K) -
Hajime Masamune, Kiyosi Ogawa, Ziroh Akanna1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 234
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Chujirô Yamamoto1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 235-245
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Ototaka Higashi1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 246
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Koh-Iti Turumi, Yoshiharu Saito1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 247-249
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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I. Preparation of Protein Fractions and Some of their Properties, Phsyical and ChemicalAzuma Masukawa1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 251-259
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Three protein-fractions (the fraction which is insoluble in glacial acetic acid and precipitates from water at pH 2.0 (I), the one insoluble in glacial acetic acid and non-precipitable at any pH from water (II), and the glacial acetic acid-soluble (III)) were separated from a gastric cancer of persons belonging to Group A and a gastric cancer of Group O persons. Also the corresponding preparations were prepared from human gastric mucosa.
2. The solubilities, qualitative reactions and quantiativea nalyses resembled each other between the corresponding fractions of the gastric cancer and mucosa.
The rotation of a pair of preparations from cancers of persons belonging to Group A and from those of persons belonging to Group 0 were coincident with each other and lay between the rotations of the corresponding preparations from gastric mucosa.
Through the Grant Committee for the Scientific Researches was given a grant from the Education Department, which enabled us to carry out this investigation. H. Masamune.View full abstractDownload PDF (475K) -
II. Further Phsyical and Chemical Properties of the Protein FractionsAzuma Masukawa1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 261-269
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe electrophoretic patterns of Prep. III of the gastric cancers and mucosa resembled each other. But, those of Preps. II's differed from each other, although they both demonstrated three boundaries. Concerning the amino acid composition, Preps. II's and III's were somewhat different qualitatively as well as quantitatively from each other in respective pair of preparations from the two sources. The optical rotations of a hydrolysate of the Preps. II's supported this fact. Combined with the analytical results in the former report, the present findings indicate that the corresponding proteins of gastric cancer and the mucosa are not identical despite of their resemblance in rough composition.
Through the Grant Committee for Scientific Researches was given a grant from the Education Department which enabled us to carry out this investigation. H. Masamune.View full abstractDownload PDF (1411K) -
III. Biological Properties of the Protein FractionsAzuma Masukawa1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 271-281
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. In iso- and homologous hemoagglutination-inhibition, the protein fractions of A and 0 gastric cancers were less potent than the corresponding protein preparations from gastric mucosa of respectively same blood groups.
2. As to the precipitin reaction with anti-cancer and anti-gastric mucosa rabbit sera, the preparations indicated that immunological divergency existed in at least some pairs of the corresponding proteins from the two sources.
3. In respect with the hemolytic power, the preparations from the both kinds of tissue appeared to be nearly devoid of it.
4. The cancer substances proved more powerful in giving cancer skin reaction than the corresponding mucosa substances, although both groups of the preparations had this potency, of which they were not deprived by trypsin.
5. Taken altogether, the stomach cancer proteins are not regarded identical with the corresponding proteins of stomach mucosa from the biological view point too (Cf. the foregoing report).View full abstractDownload PDF (456K) -
I ReportSaiyo Atsuki1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 283-294
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe oculomotor nucleus comprise the chief nucleus, the median nucleus, the parasympathetic nucleus, the anteromedial nucleus, the dorsocentral nucleus and the accessory nucleus of the parasympathetic nucleus, the last of my own discovery.
The nerve cells in the chief nucleus are represented in their majority by large motor cells provided with many processes and showing virile appearance. The long processes being sometimes double and some-times bifurcated per cell, the total number of the oculomotor root fibres is larger than that of the cells. The short processes apparently end sharply, either unbranched or branched, but their terminal formation is not enough clarified. The cell nucleus is comparatively small and located near the centre of the cells.
The cells of the chief nucleus are partially represented by smaller cells, 1/2 to 1/3 in size of the large cells, pear-shaped in form, unipolar or bipolar, with a large cell nucleus, presumably being of vegetative nature. Cells of a third type are extremely few in number. Their size is not much different from the large motor cells, but in form, they are globular and unipolar. They are very similar to the sensory nerve cells found in the nucleus mesencphali n. trigemini, and are without doubt of sensory nature.
In the inner and the ventral parts of the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis are found some cells of the same form as the motor cells in the chief nucleus, with which a small number of small vegetative cells are commingled.
It seems impossible to divide the chief nucleus distinctly into the various motor centres having each fixed boundary for the outer ocular muscles, because they may be thought diffused over comparatively wide parts, overlapping each other to an extent.
The nucleus medianus is inseparable from the chief nucleus at the caudal pats but the boundary between them become more definite as the higher levels are reached. The nerve cells in the basal parts are similar to those in the chief nucleus, but in the upper reaches, more and more bipolar club- or spindle-like cells come into evidence. Also, some smaller cells resembling vegetative nerve cells in the chief nucleus are
observable.
The cells in the parasympathetic nucleus are small, about 1/3 of the size of the motor cells in the chief nucleus, are unipolar or bipolar, oblong in shape and arranged rather densely in the direction conforming with the arcuate form of this nucleus. Their protoplasm is only weakly stained, their cell nucleus is oversized, and their long processes are represented by minute fibres. Since such minute fibres are also observable in the oculomotor nerve root, I am inclined to give adherence to the proposal that this nucleus is the centre for the pupillar contraction.
I have discovered a small group of nerve cells strongly resembling those in the parasympathetic nucleus on the rostrodorsal side between the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis and the chief nucleus. I propose to call this new nucleus the accessory nucleus of the parasympathetic nucleus.
The anteromedial nucleus is of the same nature as the nucleus parasym-pathicus, considering the form and the arrangement of the cells. This fact is further evidenced by the union of this nucleus with the parasympathetic nucleus through a cell-bridge containing such cells.
The nerve cells in the nucleus dorsocentralis are somewhat smaller than, but similar to, the motor cells in the chief nucleus. In this nucleus, some smaller vegetative cells, as have been found in the chief and the median nucleus, are observable in a small number. Thus, this nucleus also may be assumed to represent one of the oculomotor centres.View full abstractDownload PDF (4476K) -
II ReportSaiyo Atsuki1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 295-298
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn probability, the motor nerve fibres coming from the tractus pyramidalis cruris cerebri are represented by the nerve fibres running along the rhaphe to the chief and median nuclei after or without decussating, while the sensory nerve fibres are represented by the fibre group coming from the stratum griseum centrale partially decussating and fibres running longitudinally through the chief nucleus, but many points are not yet in the clear on the subject.
The ending formation of the external motor and sensory nerve fibres in the oculomotor nucleus could not be elucidated satisfactorily, but I certainly could not observe any simple terminal networks around the cells and others as would have been expected according to the Langley's neuron theory. On the contrary, these fibres, after branching and anastomosis in the neuroglia tissue, seem to go over into extremely complex intranuclear plexus found around the nerve cells and their processes. Though many points remain to be clarified regarding the formation of this plexus, it is at least certain that the strongly stainable thick fibres represent motor and sensory nerve elements and the minute fibres showing fine reticular formation, vegetative nerve elements.
The majority of the oculomotor nerve root is composed of decussating fibres at the lower part of the oculomotor nucleus, originating mainly from the dorsal side of the chief nucleus and partly from the ventral side thereof. These head first toward the inner ventral part of the same side, then abruptly drop to a point a little above the lower end of the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis, cross over the median line, return upwards to penetrate the chief nucleus of the opposite side and enter the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis. In the upper part of the nucleus the decussating fibres are found extremely small in number. They emerge from various sides of the chief nucleus and attain the opposite side without running such a devious course. Also some of the median fibres coming from the upper part of the median nucleus apparently decussate in their course.View full abstractDownload PDF (222K) -
Toyoji Wada1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 299-303
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new designed stereotaxic apparatus suitable for surgical manipulation of deep parts of the human brain was exhibited. And, at the same time, its modified points having some improvements were described with technical and operative notes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1248K) -
I. Treatment of Urticaria Pigmentosa with HyaluronidaseYuzi Igarashi, Yoshio Saito, Ikuzo Aizawa1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 305-309
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs we had ascertained the existence of a quantity of hyaluronic acid in the histologically abundant mastcells of two cases of urticaria pigmentosa, by means of Lison's metachromatic staining, we applied injection of hyaluronidase in their involved skins interdermally or subcutaneously, and had the satisfaction of seeing both the cases cured to all intents. These results, we believe, may give some suggestions on the pathogenesis of this disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (256K) -
Kunio Yamakawa, Yasuo Shionoya, Toichi Nagai, Kazuo Kitamura, Satoshi ...1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 311-314
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe intracardiac phonocardiography, in the meaning of the prototype of the heart sounds, was obtained by means of a condenser microphone using the body as one pole.
The authors take this opportunity to express their sincere gratitude to Mr. Tadashi Fukuda for technical assistance and to Assist. Prof. Tadao Takahashi for reviewing the manuscript.View full abstractDownload PDF (2581K) -
Ototaka Higashi1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 315-325
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Ototaka Higashi1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 327-343
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to evaluate a hematological significance of the peroxidase reaction of erythrocytes or/and erythroblasts, six cases of various type of anemia i.e. one case of iron deficiency anemia of a weanling, one case of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, one case of erythroblastosis fetalis due to Rh incompatibility, one case of anemia due to intestinal hemorrhage, one case of pernicious anemia and one infantile case of megaloblastic anemia, were observed under the serial examination by combined use of the new technique of counting chamber method of peroxidase reaction devised by the author and of other routine hematological procedures. The results may be summarized as follow;
1. A certain regularity was noticed in the relationship between the peroxidase activity of erythrocytes or/and erythroblasts on one hand and the hemopoietic activity of erythron on the other. The peroxidase activity of erythron was greatly stimulated, in other words the critical increase of strongly peroxidase-positive erythrocytes in blood and erythroblasts in bone marrow developed at an early stage of blood regeneration.
2. To describe this remarkable phenomenon-the striking increase of strongly peroxidase-positive erythron at an early stage of blood regeneration-the author suggested the designation “Peroxidase Response” of erythron.
3. “Peroxidase Response” of erythrocytes or/and erythroblasts was a favorable sign, for the course of anemia of the presented cases.
4 It was surprising how rapidly the phenomenon had occurred in a case of pernicious anemia, i.e. the “Peroxidase Response” of megalo blasts in the bone marrow developed within five hours of the commencement of the specific therapy, and that of erythrocytes in the blood was
observed shortly before the appearance of reticulocytosis.
5. In an infantile case of megaloblastic anemia, a marked peroxidase response of erythrocytes in blood seemed to occur a few days earlier than the following reticulocyte response.
6. As had been shown in one of my own cases, the determination of peroxidase level of erythrocytes or/and erythroblasts may be useful as a bone marrow function test and consequently as a test of the potency of therapeutic agents for anemic cases.View full abstractDownload PDF (864K) -
Kenji Honda, Yutaka Mineyama, Katsuya Sato1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 345-351
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHerein is briefly described on the AGogram, a diagram showing the relations of protein fractions simply, which has been devised by us, following the idea of ELMoNogram (Sato's blood picture in regard to white corpuscles). Various curves of AGograms have been obtained in numerous surgical diseases, but they may be roughly classified into normal, J and reversed-S types. The J-type is often seen in the cases of gastric cancer, gastric and duodenal ulcers and the reversed-S type in the great majority of tuberculous cases. The significance of the angle A-γ in the reversed-S type and the angle α both in the reversed-S and J types are also described. In addition, some examples of AGograms are shown to demonstrate simply the postoperative change of the protein fractions.View full abstractDownload PDF (323K) -
Part I. Cytological Features of HepatomaIchita Amaki1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 353-358
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Saiyo Atsuki1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 359-362
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNucleus n. trochlearis, like the motor nuclei of nucleus n. oculomotorii, consists of a majority of large motor cells with many stout processes and a minority of unipolar or bipolar vegetative nerve cells.
The trochlear root fibres comprise beside the hitherto known crus descendens also my so-called crus ascendens, originating in the lower part of the nucleus. The root fibres always decussate at the median line without exception, no non-decussating or double-crossing fibres being found, nor any sight of direct connection between the nuclei on the both sides.
In the nucleus n. trochlearis is found, as in the oculomotor nucleus, nerve plexus formed of thick fibres of motor and sensory nature and thin vegetative fibres, but the course of these incoming nerve elements is utterly undefinable, as in the oculomotor nucleus.View full abstractDownload PDF (1800K) -
Saivo Atsuki, Shiro Mikami1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 363-366
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe nucleus mesencephalicus n. trigemini in man consists of many roundish sensory nerve cells with very few processes and a small number of small-sized vegetative nerve cells, in very rare cases containing wandering motor cells presumably from the nucleus n. trochlearis.
The nerve bundle connected with this nucleus is composed of thick medullated fibres and thin unmedullated fibres. The superior fibres, which finally merge with the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis, seem to be represented by the long processes of the nerve cells in this nucleus, i.e. sensory and vegetative fibres, while the inferior fibres, which finally attain the outside of the motor nucleus n. trigemini, apparently consist of sensory fibres coming into the nucleus mesencephalicus from the ganglion Gasseri, and vegetative nerve fibres either from the vegetative cells in this nucleus or other external vegetative fibres running into the nucleus.View full abstractDownload PDF (896K) -
Shiro Mikami1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 367-380
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe development of peripheral nerve system in the earlier stage of embrynic life is much in advance to the other organs as well as the central nerve system. The nerve cells in the cerebrospinal ganglia are larger than any nerve cells in the central nerve system, the ganglia are grown to a enormous dimension, the processes from the cells are represented by strongly silver staining thick fibres, as are the motor fibres emerging from the ventral horns of the spinal cord, and these fibres are clearly traceable to the farthest periphery. The development of the peripheral vegetative nerve system is also very remarkable, the fibres being of the minute type and the termination being formed into the distinct terminalreticulum (Stöhr) in the 3rd and 4th month embryos already.
The sensory nerve cells in the spinal ganglia are classifiable into the two types of major and minor, the former being found at the distal, and the latter at the proximal, poles of the ganglia in general. From the number of the processes sent out by the unit cells, the three types of unipolar, bipolar and pseudo-apolar can be distinguished. But though in an incomparably smaller number, some multipolar and fenestrated cells can also be observed. The nerve processes from these cells always run out in a simple course.
Almost all the cells in the spinal ganglia of 1st month embryo belong to the pseudo-apolar cells. In later growth, these cells decrease in number, while numerous unipolar cells, a smaller number of bipolar cells and a very limited number of multipolar cells make appearance. This observation is widely at variance with the hitherto accepted genetic theory about these nerve cells.
The mantle-cell plasmodium and the connective tissue capasule surrounging the nerve cells are very poorly developed in 1st month embryo, but in 3rd and 4th month embryos, mantle-cells are observed in an increased number around the nerve cells, especially at the incipient part of the nerve processes, simultaneously with the conspicuous appearance of the incipient part, and also the development of the connective tissue capsules shows some progress. The development of these cell elements around the nerve cells reaches a nearly final stage in 2nd year infant. Thus it is presumed that the increase of the mantle-cell nuclei keeps abreast with the complication of the nerve processes running through the mantlecell plasmodium.
The pseudo-apolar cells represent the most infantile cell type in the spinal ganglia. They are provided with strongly developed processes, but the nerve fibrils at their incipient parts as well as around the cell nuclei are yet in an immature state and are not silver staining, so that these cells appear as if they lack any poles. In the later stages in the embryonic life, the immature fibrils gradually come to maturity and their silver affinity grows with it, when the pseudo-apolar cells assume the shape of polar cells.
Polar cells are very clearly observed in 3rd and 4th month embryos. Minute neuro-fibrils with silver affinity make appearance in the cell bodies and the incipient parts of the nerve processes. The unipolar cells have one process each continuous from the incipient part, which runs through the plasmodium in a very simple winding course, and the process branches out in T- or Y-shape at a considerable distance from the mother cell. However, as the running course of the incipient part grows more complicated with the growth of the body, and the process is attracted to the mother cell, the branching point apparently comes also nearer to the mother cell in adult.
The incipient part of the processes, as in other cells, often show fibril dissolution. Upon emergence from the plasmodium, the processes become nearly constant in size, showing frequent triangular fibril dissolution at the branching points.View full abstractDownload PDF (7943K) -
Hajime Masamune, Zensaku Yosizawa, Azuma Masukawa1953 Volume 58 Issue 3-4 Pages 381-398
Published: October 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Group A carbohydrates were prepared from gastric cancers and human gastric mucosa, and their properties were investigated.
2. They resembled each other in qualitative and quantitative composition.
3. The structure of their proper-carbohydrate-moieties was discussed and close similarity between the group carbohydrates in this respect was suspected.
4. But significant biological discrepancies were shown between the group carbohydrates. Explanation awaits further experiments and contemplation.
Through the Grant Committee for Scientific Researches was given a grant from the Education Department in aid to us. H. Masamune.View full abstractDownload PDF (1313K)
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