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Volume 192 (2000)
- Issue 4 Pages 239-
- Issue 3 Pages 165-
- Issue 2 Pages 99-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 192, Issue 2
October
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Regular Contributions
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Koji Ohtomo, Sumin Wang, Atsuko Masunaga, Aikichi Iwamoto, Isamu Sugaw ...2000 Volume 192 Issue 2 Pages 99-109
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 15, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to study the frequency of secondary infections of AIDS autopsy cases in Japan, especially the frequency of Mycobacterium aviumintracellulare complex (MAC) infection, retrospective autopsy study was conducted between 1986 and 1997 at the affiliated hospital of Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Tokyo. Secondary infections of various organs from 43 AIDS autopsy cases were examined using histopathology, genetic diagnosis of tuberculosis, Ziehl-Neelsen stain for acid-fast bacilli and immunohistochemistry. Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection (Mycobacterium avium) was observed in 17 cases (40%) out of 43 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), but M. tuberculosis infection was not observed. Ziehl-Neelsen staining showed a positive reaction in lung and spleen tissues of 7 AIDS autopsy cases. Immunohistochemistry using anti-BCG antibody revealed positivity in 7 AIDS autopsy cases. CD4 counts of 17 AIDS patients with mycobacterial infection were less than 18.7/μl. Other opportunistic infections were also examined by histopathology. Secondary infections were present in every case, and these included cytomegalovirus infection (32 cases), Pneumocystis carinii (15 cases), Candida (16 cases), Aspergillus (12 cases), Cryptococcus (6 cases), Toxoplasma (6 cases), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (3 cases), herpes virus (1 case) and Entamoeba histolytica (1 case). Malignant lymphoma was recognized in 14 cases and Kaposi's sarcoma in 6. This is the systemic report on secondary infections of AIDS autopsy cases in Japan. In diagnosis of mycobacterial infections, PCR was more useful than staining for acid-fast bacilli and immunohistochemistry. Secondary infections (especially mycobacterial infection) were closely associated with the low CD4 count.View full abstractDownload PDF (1952K) -
Yasufumi Ichinose, Kiyoshi Migita, Tomoki Nakashima, Atsushi Kawakami, ...2000 Volume 192 Issue 2 Pages 111-118
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 15, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProduction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) influences bone resorption. We investigated the role of bisphosphonates, potent inhibitors of bone resorption, on the production of MMP-2 from human osteoblasts. Bisphosphonates alone did not influence the amount of MMP-2 produced by human osteoblasts. However, in the presence of physiological concentrations of plasmin, bisphosphonates reduced the amount of MMP-2 in osteoblasts-conditioned media. Furthermore, bisphosphonates treatment induced degradation of MMP-2 in the presence of plasmin. Our results indicated that bisphosphonate, a divalent cation chelator, negatively regulated the longevity of MMP-2 in soluble phase plasmin-containing environment. These findings suggest that bisphosphonates inhibit bone resorption by abrogating MMP-2 protection induced by plasmin-mediated degradation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1688K) -
Tetsuo Kato, Tatsuzo Hebiguchi, Hiroaki Yoshino, Masaru Mizuno, Mamiko ...2000 Volume 192 Issue 2 Pages 119-126
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 15, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSix infants with jejunal atresia, one infant with ileal atresia, and one infant with colonic atresia were managed by a newly developed wing-shaped end-to-end anastomosis. The technique was accomplished by anastomosing the tip of the dilated proximal bowel to the diminutive distal bowel, which had been divided into two parts, including the mesentery. The completed anastomosis resembled extended wings, and this technique was therefore named wing-shaped anastomosis. This technique for anastomosis is effective in preventing functional obstruction because no axial deviation between the proximal and distal anastomotic bowels exists, and the mucosal absorptive surface is completely preserved.View full abstractDownload PDF (2029K) -
Tadaatsu Imaizumi, Tomoh Matsumiya, Koji Fujimoto, Kaori Okamoto, Xuef ...2000 Volume 192 Issue 2 Pages 127-139
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 15, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCX3CL1/Fractalkine, a CX3C chemokine, is a potent agonist for the chemotaxis and adhesion of monocytes and lymphocytes. It was first identified as a membrane protein in endothelial cells activated with IL-1 or TNF-α. We have found the enhanced expression of fractalkine in human umbilical vein endothelial cells stimulated with interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Pretreatment of the cells with cycloheximide did not inhibit the expression of fractalkine mRNA. The majority of fractalkine protein was found in the cell lysate, and an antibody-blocking experiment disclosed that fractalkine contributes to the adhesion of mononuclear cells to endothelial monolayers stimulated with IFN-γ. Vascular endothelial cells produce fractalkine in response to IFN-γ, and this may play an important role in immune responses by eliciting a traffic of mononuclear cells through the vascular wall.View full abstractDownload PDF (1385K) -
Atsushi Chiba, Masahiro Ogasawara, Itsuro Yoshida, Yoko M. Knox, Tatsu ...2000 Volume 192 Issue 2 Pages 141-149
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 15, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHerpesvirus alkaline deoxyribonucrease (DNase) is coded in the genome of all herpesvirus species determined total sequence and is conserved in structure. In order to determine whether the enzyme could be a target for a novel anti-herpesvirus therapy, the anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) activity of antisense oligonucleotide for HSV-1 alkaline DNase was studied. Six antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides, targeted to an internal AUG start codon, were designed and evaluated. One of the oligonucleotides, UL12-4, inhibited wild type and thymidine kinase-deficient HSV-1 replication to 21.5 and 19.5% at 40 μM, respectively. The quantity of alkaline DNase mRNA and DNase activity in HSV-1-infected Vero cells was reduced to one eighth and 66.9% of control, respectively, by treatment with 40 μM of UL12-4, but no effect was observed on the quantity of HSV-1 glycoprotein H mRNA (γ2 gene) or on the replication of Vero cells. These results indicate that UL12-4 inhibits HSV-1 replication by decreasing the amount of alkaline DNase mRNA. The herpesvirus alkaline DNase could be a novel target for anti-herpesvirus drug.View full abstractDownload PDF (756K)
Case Reports
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Tadahiko Ito, Arata Watanabe, Jinzo Akabane2000 Volume 192 Issue 2 Pages 151-155
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 15, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA child with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) developed after acute herpetic gingivostomatisis was described. Inspite of the improvement of his gingivostomatitis, his consciousness gradually deteriorated and he was admitted to Nakadori General Hospital. His consciousness level was drowsiness and increased bilateral patellar reflexes were shown. Because magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2-weighted scan showed areas of high signal intensity disseminated in superior portion of medulla oblongata, dorsal portion of pons, basal nuclei and thalamus, he was suspected as having ADEM. Anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 IgG and IgM antibodies elevated in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid. From these results, HSV1 infection was thought to be the preceding infection of ADEM. Methylprednisolone therapy (20 mg/kg daily) for 3 days, followed by prednisolone (2 mg/kg) was started, with an excellent response. In addition, administration of acyclovir was also continued, considering the complication of HSV encephalitis. MRI T2-weighted scan performed at 2 months later after the onset of ADEM revealed disappearance of the lesions. He was discharged without remaining disorders. It is difficult to distinguish between ADEM and HSV encephalitis because both of these diseases show various neurological symptoms. In our case, MRI was the most useful method for correct diagnosis of ADEM. We concluded that ADEM is important as a disease of central nervus system due to HSV1 infection, in addition to encephalitis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1304K) -
Hiroshi Tanaka, Shinobu Waga, Tohru Nakahata, Norio Onodera, Nobuhiro ...2000 Volume 192 Issue 2 Pages 157-163
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 15, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA Japanese boy aged 9 years referred to our hospital because of steroid-resistant proteinuria. He had a 6-year history of unremitting proteinuria and was diagnosed as having minimal-change disease (MCD) by the repeated renal biopsies performed at the age of 3.5 years and 8.5 years, respectively. His proteinuria fluctuated ranging from 115 mg/100 ml to 645 mg/100 ml, and serum total protein ranged from 59 g/liter to 63 g/liter. The third renal biopsy at the presentation also revealed MCD. Thereafter he was treated with an anti-thrombocyte agent combined with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Despite unremitting proteinuria of long duration, he did not have any complaints. At the age of 11.5 years, severe tubulointerstitial lesion was observed in the fourth renal biopsy. The fifth renal biopsy 6 months after the fourth finally revealed the lesion of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Although the interpretation of his repeated renal biopsies were considered to be limited, these clinical observation suggested that his unremitting proteinuria of long duration might have been attributed to subsequent progression to FSGS.View full abstractDownload PDF (1482K)
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