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Volume 12 (1928 - 192･･･
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Volume 12, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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First Report. The Influences of Muscular Exercise upon the Gas and Carbohydrate Metabolism. Resynthesis of Lactic Acid, Acidosis and the Entity of Eatigue in Beri-beriROKURO INAWASHIRO, ENAJI HAYASAKA1928 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 1-28
Published: December 30, 1928
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Second Report. The Influences of Muscular Exercise upon the Circulatory Apparatus, with Special Reference to its Dynamic Function as well as the Utilisation and Supply of Oxygen in Beri-beri.ENAJI HAYASAKA, ROKURO INAWASHIRO1928 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 29-61
Published: December 30, 1928
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fact that in the patients of beri-beri the increase in the blood during muscular exercise is considerably greater than that after the recovery of the disease or in normal persons, may be based on the relaxation of peripheral blood vessels, dilatation of the blood vessels through acidosis, in addition to the increased cardiac function brought about by the accelerated secretion of adrenaline, and if the acidcsis is markedly increased, the adrenaline copiously secreted during the exercise can act dilating on the peripheral blood vessels, as above described, thus bringing in the further light augmentation of the blood flow.
Now, in reflecting on the mechanism of the circulatory disturbance in beri-beri, it is well known that the disorder in the circulatory apparatus in patients of experimental B-avitaminosis is slight, as compared with that in the patients of beri-beri, but it can be, as we have already mentioned, deteriorated as much as in beri-beri by giving a certain muscular exercise to the patients.
M. Miura, 38) Nagayo39) and Honda40) missed hypertrophy and dilatation of the heart in cascs of pucrperal beri-beri, in which the patients are accustomed to remain always in a quiet condition and to perform no noticeable muscle work.
There is no agreement up to the present in the various theories as to the reason why the right heart becomes hypertrophic and dilated in beri-beri. Besides the paralysis of the respiratory muscles which was supported by M. Miura, 41) Kure and Hiramatsu, 42) a cause for this fact may be that the right heart whose muscúlar wall is thinner than that of the left heart, must labour in excess in order to transport the blood to the pulmonary circulation because of the augmented minute volume in presence of the paralysis of respiratory muscles.
Evidence that in acting muscles, as has been pointed out by Krogh, 33) the arterioles and praecapillaries are considerably dilated and lead to increased local blood flow, thus giving rise to lowering of the resistance in systemic circulation as compared with pulmonary one, may be regarded as an auxiliary cause for the preponderance of the right heart in hypertrophy.
The increased stream equivalent in beri-beri suggests that the heart of the patients of beri-beri is forced to work more excessively and less economically than in normal people in order to transport the same quantity of oxygen into the tissue and especially during the muscular exercise which is accompanied by increased oxygen consumption and thus becomes an important factor for the cardiac hypertrophy. Eppinger, 43) relying on his animal experiment in which notwithstanding the minute volume was increased by artificial connection of the descending aorta with the vena cava inferior the heart showed only slight hypertrophy, maintains that the augmentation of the minute volume is not the only cause of the cardiac hypertrophy. Gaskell, 26) however, demonstrated that the heart is dilated when acids are added to the perfusing fluid in perfusion experiment on an isolated heart and Eppinger32) that the heart of dogs showed a noticeable dilatation when they inhaled 20-30% CO2 for an hour.
Reviewing these facts the latter author attributed the dilatation of the heart in the patients of cardiac disease observed after muscular exercise to an accumulation of lactic acid in the blood.
Evidence that beri-beri with marked circulatory symptoms is accompanied by a considerable acidosis suggests together with those observations above mentioned, that in beri-beri the weakness of the cardiac muscles due to acidosis may have an etiologic relation to the dilatation of the heart. The latter seems to be further urged by muscular exercise which increases the acidosis.
Since “shoshin”View full abstractDownload PDF (1506K) -
Sõshiro Takeuchi1928 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 62-74
Published: December 30, 1928
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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YOSHIO KISHI1928 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 75-80
Published: December 30, 1928
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn some of the experiments quoted in the previous paper, the indican formation in nephritis was decreased apparently, but the indican in urine and blood was estimated at that time only. Strictly speaking, however, we can not comment on the total amount of produced indican without consideration of the indican in the tissues and organs. Actually, at present we are able to insist that the indican formation increases in nephritis invariably, on the basis of experiments, in which the indican retained in the body has been estimated and added to the indican excreted in reckoning the total amount of produced indican.
Here I repeat my proposal: Between the indican formation in an organism and the state of appetite there exists an intimate relation, and when the appetite decreases the amount of indican increases and vice versa. Now I have reached the conclusion that my this proposal is applicable in the case of nephritis as well as in other cases, and it is my belief that the fact that indican increases when the appetite decreases means no more than that indican is produced from body protein.View full abstractDownload PDF (232K) -
YOSHIO KISHI1928 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 81-86
Published: December 30, 1928
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe results of quantitative determination of indican in the urine of 14 cases, of the aggregate number of sixty days may be summarized as follows: the amount of indican produced in the body of a human being had always an intimate connection with the state of appetite, and when appetite was absent indican increased, and when the former increased the latter decreased.
Further it seemed sometimes that the amount of indican differed according to the kinds of disease besides the influence of appetite. For instance, in such a consumptive disease as tuberculosis it seemed that much indican was excreted in spite of good appetite. But it is not easily concluded whether it was due to the consumptive process in the body or to another cause. The question should be answered after investigation of a great number of cases.
Furthermore it seemed that there was a difference in amount of produced indican between the case of a quiet life and the case of an active life. That is to say, the amount of indican in the case of active life seemed larger than that in the case of quiet life. But the solution of this problem rests on further studies.
The aim of these studies is to decide the mechanism of indican formation, bacterial or abacterial. Therefore, if it was proved positively that indican is incrcased by absence of appetite or inanition, it may be truly said that the aim of these studics has been achieved for the most part.
If it is proved that the consumptive process or sole muscular exercise increases the indican formation, it is also another piece of strong evidence for the theory of abacterial formation. But the solution of this question, requires further investigation. At present the author is pleased with the findings of the first step toward further investigation in the indican problem.View full abstractDownload PDF (267K) -
Taisuke Suzuki1928 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 87-96
Published: December 30, 1928
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEphedrin wurde in einer Dose von 0, 03g pro kg Körpergewicht den Normalkaninchen, den beiderseitig splanchnikotomierten und den doppel-seitig suprarenalektomierten intravenös verabreicht and die Grösse der da-durch erzeugten Blutdrucksteigerung der drei Arteu Kaninchen vergleichen. Splanchnicusdurchschneidung sowie Nebennierenausrottung wurden einige Monate vor dem Blutdruckversuche ausgefiahrt.
Die Grösse und Dauer der Blutdrucksteigerung bei den Kaninchen ohne Nebennieren war gewissermassen kleiner wie bei den normalen. Die doppelseitige Splanchnikotomie übt einen grösseren Effekt auf die Blut drucksteigerung durch Ephedrin aus, und zwar einen vermindernden.
Ob ich mit diesen Versuchsresultaten der Ansicht von Gradineseo uud Mareu, dass für die Blutdrucksteigerung durch Ephedrin eine Hyper-sekretion des Epinephrins die hervorragendeste Rolle spielt, beipflichten soll, kanu ich vorderhand mit Sicherheit nicht sager, besonders wenn ich den Vergleich der Ergebnisse an den Kaniuchen ohne Nebenuieren mit denen an solchen mit doppelseitiger Splanchnicusdurchschneiduug in Rück-sicht nehme.View full abstractDownload PDF (430K) -
TADASHI SUGAWARA1928 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 97-118
Published: December 30, 1928
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAdrenalin chloride solution (of Sankyo Co.), epinephrine in the bovine medullary extract prepared by Folin, Cannon and Denis and that liberated from the suprarenal bodies of dogs and cats were diluted with redistilled water, 0.85% NaCl solution, Ringer-Locke's fluid or Tyrode's fluid or the dog defibrinated blood to the strength of 1:1, 000, 000 or 1:200, 000, etc., and kept at the body temperature, that is 37 to 39.5°. The enteroinhibitory power was tested from time to time.
The stability of the substances was considerably great in re-distilled water. In the normal saline solution they were also highly stable, whereas they were incomparably rapidly destroyed in the other vehicles; among them the deterioration took place most rapidly in the Tyrode's fluid. In the Locke's fluid and the dog defibrinated blood the velocity with which the evanescence progressed was nearly similar. The average velocities of the deterioration of adrenaline and epinephrine in the various vehicles are diagrammatically demonstrated in the last chart on p. 116.
While in the other vehicles the deterioration went on nearly in the straight, the defibrinated blood modified the progress of destruction in the form of a curve, further destruction being arrested at the end of nearly one and a half hours of keeping warm. This is the result of the protection of the deterioration by the warmed defibrinated blood itself.
The deterioration curves of adrenalin chloride, epinephrine extracted and epinephrine liberated in the dog defibrinated blood at body temperature were similar to each other.
The epinephrine in the Folin's extract was somewhat more stable in the re-distilled water, normal saline, Locke and Tyrode in comparison with the adrenalin chloride of Sankyo Co.View full abstractDownload PDF (982K)
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