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Volume 70 (1959)
- Issue 4 Pages 305-
- Issue 3 Pages 213-
- Issue 2 Pages 103-
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Volume 70, Issue 1
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Hisao Suzuki, Norio Taira1959 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 1-10
Published: June 25, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree types of direct cortical response, that is, a simple surface-negative potential (N) and two types of positive-negative potential (PNI and PNII), elicited with maximal stimuli in rabbits were analyzed by application of asphyxia, mechanical pressure, hypothermia and paired stimuli. Observation was focused upon slow potentials of the response.
1. The N and the negative waves of both PNI and PNII were almost equally vulnerable to asphyxia. The positive waves of the latter responses were more resistant to asphyxia than the negative potentials.
2. The negative waves of both types of diphasic response were readily affected by mechanical pressure, while the N and the positive wave of the diphasic response resisted mechanical pressure.
3. The negative wave of the diphasic response showed an increase in amplitude over the temperature range from 27° to 21°C. The N and the positive wave of the diphasic response showed only a decrease in amplitude at low temperatures. An increase in duration occurred in all the responses as the temperature was lowered.
4. The N conditioned with a maximal stimulus showed a prolonged phase of depression lasting for about 500 msec. The positive wave of the diphasic response recovered almost completely in about 100 msec. and at intervals longer than 100 msec. it showed often a phase of slight depression. The negative wave began to recover later than the positive one, and showed a phase of supernormality at intervals from 140 to 500 msec.View full abstractDownload PDF (1900K) -
I. Experimental Studies on the Gallbladder Bile of DogsMakoto Maruyama1959 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 11-15
Published: June 25, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Colloid osmotic pressure of the gallbladder bile of 20 dogs was measured in 20 animals before and after the induction of the biliary dyskinesia.
2. The average colloid osmotic pressure of the normal bladder bile of dogs was 627 and 646mm. H2O, for the 12 hours and 24 hours values respectively.
3. The value of the cases with the biliary dyskinesia was 739 and 752mm. H2O, for the average 12 hours and 24 hours values respectively, being constantly higher than that of the normal bile. The rate of an increase in the pressure was higher generally in cases in which the mechanical stimulus for inducing the dyskinesia had been imposed upon the papilla of Vater 2 to 3 weeks before.
4. The bile of the normal gallbladder presented three times as high, whilst that of the bladder with the dyskinesia four times as high, colloid osmotic pressure as compared with the previously reported values of the body fluid of ascaris. The dead body of ascaris is hardly putrefied or destroyed in the bile presumably because of the dehydration due to such a difference in the colloid osmotic pressure.View full abstractDownload PDF (236K) -
II. Clinical ObservationsMakoto Maruyama1959 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 17-22
Published: June 25, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Colloid osmotic pressure of the gallbladder bile was measured in nine cases of cholecystitis, two of the biliary tract ascariasis, ten of cholelithiasis and four control cases.
2. The average pressure in cases with the healthy liver and healthy biliary tract was 646mm. H2O for the 12 hours value and 588mm. H2O for the 24 hours value.
3. In the cases with biliary disorders, the colloid osmotic pressure was generally higher than in the control. The pressure was the highest in biliary tract ascariasis, and higher in non-calculous cholecystitis and in cholelithiasis, in the order mentioned.
4. The colloid osmotic pressure of the pathologic bile was three to four times as high as that of the body fluid of ascaris. This may be a reason why a dead body of ascaris is able to remain in the biliary tract for a long time without suffering putrefaction.View full abstractDownload PDF (253K) -
Studies on Tuberculosis in Infancy and Childhood. 7 th ReportTsuneo Arakawa, Mizuo Oota, Yuji Sato1959 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 23-26
Published: June 25, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Tsutomu Yuyama1959 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 27-38
Published: June 25, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn electrographic study of activity of the brain was made with dogs during the course of formation and abolition of the conditioned avoidance reflex. Special attention was paid to background EEG activity which was observed during intervals of stimulation in the course of experiment.
1. In the experiment of habituation which preceded the experiment of conditioning, a sound stimulus was repeatedly applied to the animal. It was found that the stimulus became ineffective in causing arousal responses of EEG when the background EEG showed a deactivated pattern. EEG deactivation occurred in the course of experiment with increasing rapidity as the same experiment of habituation was conducted repeatedly.
2. The sound stimulus which had been neutralized through the experiment of habituation was used as the conditioned stimulus (CS), and an electric shock to the hindleg was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). CS, paired or unpaired with UCS according to the principle of instrumental conditioning, was given in session of 15 to 25 trials per day over several days. The performance of the conditioned reflex (CR) in each session was measured in terms of score of CR, i.e., a number of correct CRs of a percentage of the total number of trials in one session. In earlier sessions of conditioning where scores of CR were low, deactivation of the background EEG occurred in about the same manner as observed in the experiment of habituation. The extent to which the background EEG was deactivated in one session of conditioning was gradually reduced as the animal passed through several sessions of conditioning. In final sessions having scores of CR as high as 100%, the background EEG was kept at a high level of activation throughout the session, though there occurred a slight degree of deactivation as trials of presenting CS were repeated.
3. CR was found to disappear only when the background EEG was deactivated to a certain extent. This was true with the abolition of CR by a procedure of experimental extinction as well as with that due to an injection of a small amount of barbiturate.
This work was done under the supervision of Dr. Kitsuya Iwama, to whom I am very much indebted. Thanks are due to Dr. Tomoaki Asano and Mr. Chosaburo Yamamoto who kindly read the manuscript. A part of the expense of this work was defrayed by a grant of the Ministry of Education awarded to Dr. Iwama.View full abstractDownload PDF (636K) -
Koiti Motokawa, Mitsuo Komatsu, Kei Watanabe, Tadao Saito1959 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 39-48
Published: June 25, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhysiological induction transferred from one eye to the other or binocular induction was studied by the method of electrostimulation with electrical phosphenes as an index.
1. The properties of curves of induction were the same for monocular and binocular inductions and correspond well to the properties of monocular and binocular contrasts.
2. There is, however, a striking difference between monocular and binocular induction in the rate of development. The latency of binocular induction was found to be about 300 msec., while that of monocular induction was about 40 msec.
3. It took about 4, 000 msec. for full development of binocular induction, but such a short period of about 100 msec. was sufficient for monocular induction to develop in full magnitude.
4. The correlation between physiological induction and psychological contrast was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (478K) -
Part I. The Formation and the Absorption of Cerebrospinal FluidTakao Ishibashi1959 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 49-57
Published: June 25, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUpon experiment with the CSF space partitioned into the ventricle, the cerebral and the spinal subarachnoid spaces, CSF was found to be produced and absorbed in every part of the CSF space, but in different quantities by parts; its production was most active in the ventricle, and absorption greatest in the cerebral subarachnoid space. Turnover of inorganic substances, as traced by Na-24 and P-32, from blood to CSF and vice versa was found rapid, but that of organic protein, as traced by RIHSA, was very slow. Such a slow turn over of RIHSA suggests its high availability as tracer in studying the circulation of CSF.View full abstractDownload PDF (1015K) -
Part II. The Circulation of Cerebrospinal FluidTakao Ishibashi1959 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 59-66
Published: June 25, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy following up the change by time in the radioactivity of RIHSA injected into the lateral ventricle, the cisterna magna and the lumbar subarachnoid space of normal dogs, and making similar measurements with a model of such CSF spaces, for better determination of the influence of osmotic diffusion, it was confirmed that streams of CSF flowed at least from the ventricle to the cisterna magna and thence to the cerebral surface. No proof, however, could be obtained on the existence of any such stream in the spinal subarachnoid space.View full abstractDownload PDF (1091K) -
Part III. The Production of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Various Brain Diseases, Especially the Influence of Intravenous Injection of 50% Glucose Solution on the Production of Cerebrospinal FluidTakao Ishibashi1959 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 67-72
Published: June 25, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUpon studying the relation between the production of CSF and the intracranial pressure in patients with various surgical brain diseases and the effect of intravenous injection of 50% glucose solution on the production, by following up the turnover of P-32 from blood to CSF, it was confirmed that CSF production was of course inactive in the cases without increased intracranial pressure, but in the cases with increased intracranial pressure too, the production was not always correlated with the rise of the intracranial pressure. The production was particularly active in the highpressure cases with advanced destruction of the blood-CSF barrier, as in the malignant glioma cases, but relatively inactive in the cases with equally high intracranial pressure due to obstruction of the aqueduct of Sylvius but apparently mild destruction of the blood-CSF barrier. Upon injection of 50% glucose solution, the production of CSF was inhibited to some extent in all cases, the inhibition being particularly notable in the cases with drastic destruction of the blood-CSF barrier.View full abstractDownload PDF (266K) -
Takashi Ishioka1959 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 73-84
Published: June 25, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The action currents of a normal rabbit's choledochoduodenal junction and the duodenal wall at the same level both in their digestive process, were recorded by using two bipolar Ag-AgCl needle electrodes which were 0.3mm. in diameter and set with a interpolar distance of 1mm.
2. In the experiment, the action currents of the choledochoduodenal junction and the duodenal wall showed no marked difference in number and amplitude of grouped spikes, while there was an obvious difference observed in the intervals between spike groups.
3. According to the electromyographic variations caused by the administration of sympathomimetic and parasympathomimetic drugs, acetylcholine, pilocarpine and morphine hydrochloride were effective in bringing on acceleration of the action current of which acetylcholine the most powerful ; while amylnitrite and adrenaline worked for restraining the action current, and of the two, amylnitrite inhalation produced the more marked effect. Injection of atropine did not cause any noticeable change. In the experiment of infusing drugs into the duodenum, N/10 hydrochloric acid acted as an accelerator and 25% magnesium sulfate as a restraint; the same reactions were observed in the action current of the duodenum. Injection of morphine hydrochloride caused the choledochoduodenal junction and the duodenum to give forth two different spike patterns.
4. Altogether, the action current in the choledochoduodenal junction of a rabbit in its digestive process brings on a spike pattern different from that of the duodenum. This fact supplies us with an interesting suggestion relating to the bile flow mechanism.View full abstractDownload PDF (561K) -
1er Rapport Influence de l'intervention, de l'anesthésie générale par l'appareil en circuit fermé, de l'anesthésie potentialisée et deYoshio Suzuki, Kazuo Okada, Hajime Takahashi1959 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 85-93
Published: June 25, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLes auteurs ont recherché des variations des leucocytes éosinophiles circulants d'une série de 32 patients à surrénalaes intactes pour étudier la relation parmi l'anesthésie, l'agression opératoire et le fonctionnement surrénal au cours de la maladie post-operatoire.
Ils ont constaté les suivants: 1° La chute des éosinophiles post-opératoire est influée par la technique d'anesthésie et l'intensité opératoire.
2° Il nous semble que les phénothiazines, utilisées comme la pré-médication, ne soient pas assez efficaces pour mitiger le stress provoqué par l'intervention.
3° La chute des éosinophiles par hypothermie est moindre et remonte rapidement en comparaison des autres anesthésies.
4° La chiffre des éosinophiles est proportionnelle au recouvrement de la maladie post-opératoire.
5° Les auteurs considèrent que la fonction de la glande surrénale soit ordinaire depuis le 6e_??_le 9e jour post-opératoire.
Pour le moment, les auteurs sont en train de pratiquer les recherches histochimique et biochimique entre la fonction de la glande surrénale et le stress pendant l'anesthésie, l'intervention et la maladie post-opératoire.View full abstractDownload PDF (389K) -
XII. Further Studies on the Antiviral Antibiotic, MyxoviromycinNobuo Kobayashi1959 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 95-102
Published: June 25, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCrude myxoviromycin hydrochloride was further purified by means of carbon chromatography according to the description of Carter, and crystalline reineckate was induced. The recrysterized reineckate was converted to the pure hydrochloride.
The antibacterial activity of the hydrochloride was quite low. In a concentration of 62.5 mcg/ml it inhibited B. subtilis (PCI 219) and S. lutea (Hata), and in 250 mcg/ml inhibited S. lutea (Hosoya) on an agar plate.
Myxoviromycin hydrochloride showed a minimal inhibitory concentration for growth of MNI group viruses in vitro as follows: 8.8 mcg for Influenza A (PR 8), 1.7 mcg/ml for Influenza B (Lee), 4.3 mcg/ml for Sendai virus (Fushimi) and 8.2 mcg/ml for NDV (46-9674).
Myxoviromycin hydrochloride had a delayed toxicity, the LD50 was 20.4mg/kg in ddD mice by subcutaneous injection.
In the hydrolysate of the antibiotic, three ninhydrin positive substances were recognized in its paperchromatography, and two spots of them were corresponded to β-alanine and valine respectively, but the rest was not identified.View full abstractDownload PDF (369K)
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