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Volume 183 (1997)
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Volume 183, Issue 1
September
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Regular Contributions
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Akimitsu Nishiyama, Yutaka Imai, Takayoshi Ohkubo, Ichiro Tsuji, Kenic ...1997 Volume 183 Issue 1 Pages 1-20
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated factors affecting the nocturnal decline in blood pressure (BP). A cross sectional study was done in 706 community-based untreated subjects ≥20 years of age. Screening and ambulatory BPs were measured and the effects of age and the ambulatory BP on the nocturnal decline were examined. Bivariate analysis demonstrated that the magnitude of the decline and the percent decline in the nocturnal BP increased with increase in daytime ambulatory BP and decreased with increase in nighttime ambulatory BP. Although the magnitude of the nocturnal decline in BP increased with increasing daytime BP, the nocturnal BP in hypertensives was still higher than those in normotensives. The magnitude decreased with increasing age in men but not in women, while the percent decline decreased with increasing age in both men and women. Since bivariate analysis demonstrated that the daytime BP, nighttime BP, and standard deviation of the 24-hour BP strongly correlated with the magnitude of the nocturnal decline, these parameters were excluded as independent variables from the multivariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis the nighttime pulse pressure was negatively and daytime pulse pressure was positively associated with the magnitude of the decline and the percent decline in the nocturnal BP. A non-dipping circadian variation was frequently observed in elderly normotensive men but the rate of nondipper was rather low in hypertensive individuals in the general population. A marked dipping pattern was frequently observed in hypertensive women ≥70 years of age. The nocturnal BP levels in subjects with daytime hypertension are higher than those in subjects with daytime normotension. Therefore, BP must ideally be lowered over 24-hour period in hypertensive subjects. The diminished magnitude of the decline and the decrease in the percent decline in the nocturnal BP in the elderly may be mediated by the disturbed baroreflex function due to the decrease in compliance of large elastic artery. However, in some elderly hypertensive women, excess nocturnal decline in BP is observed. In such subjects, we should take care of the nocturnal BP levels during treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1207K) -
Jiang-Bin Qu, Zuo-Wen Zhang, Gui-Fa Xu, Li-Hua Song, Ji-Jun Wang, Shin ...1997 Volume 183 Issue 1 Pages 21-36
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn 1996, 24-hour food duplicate samples were collected from two groups of 50 nonsmoking women each; one group was in Jinan, the capital city for of Shandong Province in China, and the other in a farming village in Zhangqiu area some 30 km away from the city. They had also physical examinations including hematology and serum biochemistry tests. Nutritional analysis of the duplicate samples were conducted utilizing standard food composition tables for Chinese populations. The urban-rural comparison between the two groups showed that women in Zhangqiu took significantly less lipid (54 g/day) and more carbohydrate (335 g/day) than Jinan counterparts (76 g lipid and 254 g carbohydrate/day), although there was no significant difference in total energy and protein intake (1968 kcal/day in Jinan vs. 2071 kcal/day in Zhangqiu, and 67 g protein/day in Jinan vs. 61 g/day in Zhangqiu). The intakes of the three major nutrients were sufficient in majorities of members in both groups. Iron intake was also sufficient (22 and 25 mg/day in Jinan and Zhangqiu, respectively), but intake of calcium was insufficient in more than a half of the subjects in both groups. Zhangqiu women heavily depended on plant-based foods both for protein and lipid, whereas the dependency was less remarkable among Jinan women.View full abstractDownload PDF (971K) -
Masahiko Tomiyama, Kazuya Kannari, Muneo Matsunaga1997 Volume 183 Issue 1 Pages 37-43
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing quantitative autoradiography, the strychnine-sensitive glycine site and strychnine-insensitive glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor were analyzed in the cervical segment of the spinal cord of the wobbler mouse, which is a purported model of human motor neuron diseases. Significantly increased density of the strychnine-sensitive site was found in the lamina II-inner (+17%) and laminae III & IV (+17%) of wobbler mice. The strychnine-insensitive site was also increased in lamina I & II-outer (+ 15%), lamina II-inner (+15%), laminae III & IV (+48%), laminae V-VIII (+ 43%) and lamina X (+ 26%) of wobbler mice. However, no significant differences were observed for the both sites in the ventral horn where motor neurons are located. These findings suggest that both inhibitory and excitatory-associated glycinergic dysfunctions are involved in the wobbler mouse motor neuron disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (1496K) -
Osamu Taguchi, Wataru Hida, Shinichi Okabe, Satoru Ebihara, Hiromasa O ...1997 Volume 183 Issue 1 Pages 45-53
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on exercise performance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Six patients were treated with nasal CPAP on seven successive days and underwent overnight sleep studies and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) at the beginning and after the last day of the treatment. The subjects also performed incremental exercise testing using a bicycle ergometer followed by 0-w, 25-w, 50-w, — (3 minutes each ) until maximum level. Arterial oxygen pressure, arterial carbon dioxide pressure at rest while awake, apnea/hypopnea index, longest apnea duration, the lowest percutaneous oxygen saturation measured by a pulse oximeter and the value of MSLT were significantly improved after nasal CPAP. Moreover, maximal oxygen consumption was significantly increased from 1841 ml/min±350 to 2125 ml/min±351 (p<0.05); however, other cardiorespiratory parameters did not change significantly. The improvement of exercise performance by short-term nasal CPAP treatment in OSA patients may correlate with the improvement of sleepiness.View full abstractDownload PDF (542K) -
Bilquis Qureshi, Kaoru Inafuku, Kyoko Oshima, Hitoshi Masamoto, Koji K ...1997 Volume 183 Issue 1 Pages 55-65
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA prospective randomized study was conducted to measure the serial thickness of the lower uterine segment (LUS) by transvaginal ultrasonography in a control group of 80 women having no history of uterine surgery and in a study group of 43 women having a history of previous cesarean section (C/S). In the study group, more than 2 mm of thickness of the LUS was considered as good healing and less than 2 mm of thickness as poor healing. After serial sonographic examination, the women with good healing were given trial for labor unless an obstetrical indication for C/S existed. The appearance of the LUS during surgery was compared with antenatal ultrasonographic assessment by direct inspection. Twenty two (79%) of 28 women with a well healed scar had trial labor with the result that 46% had a successful vaginal birth without any uterine rupture or dehiscence. Eight women with poor healing all had elective C/S. Seven women with a 2 mm LUS thickness were individually categorized for delivery mode. Two of those women delivered vaginally. The LUS was found to be thin to translucent in these later two groups. Two mm or less as a criterion for poor healing had the sensitivity and specificity of 86.7% and 100% respectively. The positive predictive value was 100% and the negative predictive value was 86.7%. Ultrasonographic evaluation is effective in predicting the quality of a uterine scar and in differentiating the risk group of probable uterine rupture from the non risk group.View full abstractDownload PDF (3451K) -
Akio Tomoda, Masahiro Kazuka, Koichi Yashima, Kazuhide Niiyama, Daisuk ...1997 Volume 183 Issue 1 Pages 67-73
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAtmospheric carbon dioxide concentration was measured at several locations in Tokyo, for two weeks, in December, 1995 and 1996, and was found to be increased up to 550 ppm, while it was shown by us to be 450 ppm in December, 1994. These results demonstrate that atmospheric carbon dioxide is steadily increasing at faster rates in Tokyo than we expect, though it has been considered that the atmospheric carbon dioxide is still as much as 350 ppm. Bicarbonate concentration and pH of urine of 13 medical students in Tokyo were also measured for the same period in December of 1995 and 1996, and were found to be significantly increased compared with the values that were reported in the past. Furthermore, urinary bicarbonate and pH were extensively increased, when 4 and 5 students made 3-hour car trip in two different cars with all windows closed, where carbon dioxide was increased up to about 5000 ppm within 1 hour. These results support our previous hypothesis that the increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide may be reflected by the increase of urinary bicarbonate and pH. Our results also suggest that the environmental situation is being seriously aggravated in Tokyo, year by year, in terms of atmospheric carbon dioxide.View full abstractDownload PDF (419K) -
Masakazu Washio, Chikako Kiyohara, Tadashi Hamada, Yoshihiro Miyake, Y ...1997 Volume 183 Issue 1 Pages 75-82
Published: 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom April 1991 to March 1993, there were 49 elderly patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in a geriatric hospital in Fukuoka, Japan. The retrospective study was carried out in order to evaluate the various factors which may influence the case fatality rate of MRSA infection among the elderly. Among them, 33 patients (67.3%) died while only 16 patients became culture-negative for MRSA and discharged after recovering from MRSA infection. A univariate analysis revealed that male sex (odds ratio [OR]=12.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.80-53.55), hypoalbuminemia (OR=3.83, 95% CI=1.11-13.21) and an excessive usage of antibiotics (OR=6.67, 95% CI=1.70-26.09) were risk factors for death among the patients with MRSA infection. In a multivariate analysis, male sex and an excessive usage of antibiotics were still risk factors while hypoalbuminemia was not. However, hypoalbuminemina was more common in male patients than female patients (78.3% vs. 42.3%, p<0.05). These findings suggest that the case fatality rate of MRSA infection may be high and also suggest that the elderly with MRSA infection who had hypoalbuminemia and/or received many antibiotics may have a poor prognosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (520K)
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