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Volume 50 (1949)
- Issue 3-4 Pages 197-
- Issue 1-2 Pages 1-
Volume 50, Issue 3-4
Displaying 1-38 of 38 articles from this issue
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Mitteilung II:Über die Verbreitung der in die Ohrvene von Kaninchen injiizierten Tuberkelbazillen in der Leber, insbesondere über ihr Auftreten im Gallengang der Kaninchen.Takesi Abe1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 197-205
Published: 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 17, 2010
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Akira Sato1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 206
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Mitteilung III: Über die Verbreitung der in die Ohrvene von Kaninchen injizierten Tuberkelbazillen in der Niere, inshesondere über ihr Auftreten im Harnkanälchen der KaninchenTakesi Abe1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 207-214
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Koiti Motokawa, Bun'iti Huzimori1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 215-223
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSConditioned galvanic skin-reflexes were established in man with an electric bell as a conditioned stimulus and with a brief faradic current as an unconditioned stimulus.
1. Upon the conditioned stimulus there appeared characteristic changes in eeg. (Ep.), which were followed by a galvanic skin response. When conditioning was not complete, only an Ep. appeared without being followed by any skin-response.
2. The skin-response ceased to appear, but the Ep. did not disappear completely by extinction procedure (repetition of conditioned stimuli). These facts suggest that the Ep. is a precursor for the external response.
3. When the interval between the beginning of the conditioned stimulus and the administration of the unconditioned stimulus was long the appearance of the Ep. as well as that of the skin-response were delayed (delayed conditioned reflex). The potential pattern under this condi-tion is discontinuous and of long duration, and this characteristic feature can be explained by the assumption that the delayed conditioned response appears after a long rivalry between excitation and inhibition.
4. The long lasting Ep. in the delayed conditioned reflex came im-mediately to an end when the unconditioned stimulus was delivered.View full abstractDownload PDF (2173K) -
Akira Sato, Kazuo Tachibana, Jun-ichi Ishikawa1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 224
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Koiti Motokawa1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 225-234
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. In order to establish conditioned responses of brain-waves, a weak acoustic stimulus M which was almost ineffective for evoking any excitation-potential (e. p.) was applied many times with an interval of about 3-5 minutes associated with a light which was delivered 2 seconds after the beginning of the stimulus M. So obtained e. p. was characterized by complicated patterns and long duration and very similar to the e. p. caused by mental work.
2. Though the light-stimulus used as the unconditioned stimulus was in general little effective for evoking galvanic skin-responses (g. s. r.), a remarkable g. s. r. accompanied the e.p. caused by the conditioned stimulus. This fact indicates that the conditioned e.p. was no more confined to the receptor mechanism in the cortex, but involved the effector mechanism.
3. When another sort of acoustic stimulus K was applied in the completely conditioned state of the subject, the. generalization of the conditioned reflex took place in such a manner that a delayed e.p. ap-peared alone or sometimes followed by a g. s. r.
4. By further repetitions of Kastate was reached in, which conditioned responses appeared only upon M but not upon K (differentiation).
In all these phenomena, e. p. are easier to be conditioned onditioned and more difficult to be extinguished than external responses. It may be concluded that e.p. are precursors for external responses and faithful indicators of the central mechanism of conditioning.View full abstractDownload PDF (2566K) -
A Note on the Colorimetric Determination of pH with Brom-thymol-blue at 38°CKojiro Matsuda, Yoshishichiro Koyama1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 235-239
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe apparent ionization exponent pK'2 of B. T. B. at 38°C was deter-mined in phosphate mixtures and solutions of sodium chloride of various ionic strength up to 0.133 Mol/l in phosphate mixtures and 0.308 Mol/l in sodium chloride solutions. The thermodynamic ionization exponent pK2 obtained by extrapo-lation to μ→O is 7.33 at 38°C.
pK'2 values thus obtained make possible to eliminate the “salt error” of. B. T. B. and can be profitably, used, for pH determination of biological fluids at body temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (288K) -
Koiti Motokawa, Kituya Iwama1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 240
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Hideo Maeta1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 241-246
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Risyun Yasumoto1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 247-257
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBei der Kultur von Tuberkelbazillen denkt man leicht, alle Bazillen der zu untersuchenden Materials bildeten Kolonien. Wenn also die Kultur aus den Sekreten des Patienten negativ ausfällt, so glaubt man leicht, dass er nicht an Tuberkulose leide oder schon von ihr genesen sei. Bei der Kultur so schwer zu züchtender Bazillen wie der Tuberkelbazillen bilden aber möglicherweise nicht alle lebenden Bazillen Kolonien.
Dazu kommt noch, dass die im zu untersuchenden Material enthaltenen Bazillen nicht alle leben. Darum bildet bei der Kultur nur ein Teil von ihnen Kolonien. Bei der Kultur von Bakterienaufschwemmungen kann man den grössten Teil der Bazillen auf den Nährboden bringen. Bei der anderer Untersuchungsmaterialien aber, die mit Säure oder Alkali vorbehandelt werden müssen, wird ein Teil der in ihnen enthaltenen Bakterien abgetötet. Wenn man also daran denkt, dass nur ein Teil der enthaltenen Bazillen durch das Zentrifugieren zur Fällung kommt and dass wiederum nur ein Teil der in diesem Niederschlag enthaltene Bakterien kultiviert wird, so erkennt man, dass nur ein sehr geringer Teil der im zu untersuchenden Material enthaltenen Bazillen durch Kultur nachweisbar 1st. Diese Tatsache ist in unseren Versuchen bestätigt worden, aus denen sich ergab, dass bei der Kultur von Aufschwemmungen humaner Tuberkelbazillen im grossen ganzen von 20-50, bei der aus Sputum dagegen von 40-400 and bei der aus Magensaft oder Magen-spülwasser 62-187 bzw. 90-176 Bakterien eine Kolonie gebildet wird. Dass bei der Kultur aus Exsudat verhältnismässig wenige Bazillen schon eine Kolonie bildeten, beruhte wahrscheinlich darauf, dass infolge der Wirkung des Fibrins die Bakterien verhältnismässig leicht gesammelt werden konnten.
Aus den Resultaten unserer Versuche ersieht man, dass die Kultur als Nachweismethotle der Tuberkelbazillen, wenn auch schon ziemlich fortgeschritten doch noch verbesserungsbedürftig ist.View full abstractDownload PDF (666K) -
Koiti Motokawa, Kituya Iwama1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 258
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Kozo Otomo1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 259-266
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Man erkennt durch die Slide Cell Culture im Vollblut von Ratte, Hund, Pferd, Kaninchen usw. eine entwicklungsehmmende Wirkung auf Tuberkelbazillen, obwohl these Wirkung, abgesehen von der Ratte, im allgemeinen schwach ist.
2) In Phosphat-Natr. glutaminicum-Glycerin-Nährflüssigkeit, die 20% Serum od 50% Plasma des Hundes sowie des Pferdes enthält, be-merkt man ein deutliches Vorhandensein der entwicklungshemmenden Wirkung, wenn man Tuberkelbazillen in der Tiefe der Flüssigkeit über 10 Tage fang kultiviert,
3) Diese Wirkung ist sowohl in der Slide Cell Culture als auch bei der Tiefenkultur im Anfangsstadium der Kultur besonders deutlich. Deshalb kann man sagen, dass die entwicklungshemmende Wirkung des Serums oder des Plasmas auf Tuberkelbazillen keine bakterizide, sondern vielmehr eine bakteriostatische Wirkung ist.View full abstractDownload PDF (529K) -
Tosiaki Ebina, Iwao Kanno, Kaoru Yamasaki1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 267-279
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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XCVII. On the A Group-Specific Carbohydrates from Stomach Mucus of Bull and of HorseHirosi Tiba1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 281-286
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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First Communication: Fractionation of Gastric JuiceHirosi Tiba, Nobumiti Teramura, Aizi Gotoh1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 287-291
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Koiti Motokawa, Kituya Iwama1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 292
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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XCIX. Hexosamine Compounds in Human Gastric Juice. Second Communication: A and B Group Specific Carbohydrates (A. A. C)Hirosi Tiba1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 293-295
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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I. The Relationship between Melanin Production and Dioxybenzenes. Preliminary ReportAtsushi Nakajo1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 296
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Koiti Motokawa1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 297-306
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn view of the circumstances that eeg of various animals have been studied with too different methods and under too different conditions to enable their comparative studies, the author tried to investigate them with one and the same method and under comparable natural conditions of man and animals, and obtained the following results:
1. The average amplitude of eeg taken from the scalp did not greatly differ in magnitude at man, dogs, cats, rabbits and guinea pigs.
2. The range of frequencies covered by the predominant waves was 8.4-11.9 cycles per sec. or Hz in man, 10-16 Hz in dogs and cats, 6-7 Hz in guinea pigs and 3-6 Hz in rabbits.
3. The correspondence among these main rhythms was studied from the phylogenetical point of view, and it could be concluded that the α-rhythm of man corresponded to the main rhythm of cats and dogs of 10-16 Hz, but not to the slower main rhythm of guinea pigs and rabbits.
4. A simple method of analysis of eeg was proposed. The result of analysis indicated that the higher the animals the more distinctly the frequencies of waves were differentiated.View full abstractDownload PDF (1709K) -
Koiti Motokawa1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 307-318
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Koiti Motokawa, Kituya Iwama1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 319-328
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was found that the electric excitability of the human eye was a sensitive and accurate measure for oxygen deficiency. The indicator was a flicker-sensation caused by a current periodically interrupted with a certain frequency.
(1) The threshold for appearance of flicker Va was a little higher than the threshold for disappearance Vd.
(2) The difference between Va and Vd increased always at low oxygen pressure equivalent to that at 3, 000m or higher altitude, but the mean value of Va and Vd increased only at severer oxygen deficiency.
(3) This method is suitable for following rapid changes of oxygen deficiency, for it takes only 2 seconds to determine the threshold.
(4) The electric excitability of the eye was studied in comparison with its sensitivity to light, and found to be more suitable as an index of oxygen deficiency for accurate measurements and practical applications than the light-sensitivity of the eye.View full abstractDownload PDF (645K) -
Mitteilung I: Einfluss der Temperatur auf die Lebensdauer der Tuberkelbazillen in ExkretenTakesi Abe1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 329-336
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Mitteilung II: Einfluss des Sonnenlichtes auf die Lebensdauer der Tuberkelbazillen in ExkretenTakesi Abe1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 337-343
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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II. The Influence of Benzoquinone on Melanin Production Preliminary ReportAtsushi Nakajo1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 344
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Takesi Abe1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 345-350
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Kenji Honda, Toru Watanabe1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 351-353
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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III. Ehe influencos of Bergamotoil Applied Together with Vitamin C on Melanin Production. Preliminary ReportAtsushi Nakajo1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 354
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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C. Group Specific Substances in Gastric Mucosa. First CommunicationHideo Sibuya1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 355-360
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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CI. Group Specific Substances in Gastric Mucosa. Second CommunicationHajime Masamune, Hideo Sibuya, Hirosi Tiba1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 361-362
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Siro Okuda1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 363-364
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Siro Okuda1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 365-371
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present report consists of the data, yielded in the dogs with the stomach fistula or the Pavlov pouch, with the esophageal fistula. Further, in such a dog the Eck fistula was prepared, and in another the portal vein was constricted above the upper mesenterial vein. The results may be summarized as follows:
In the gastric secretion the cephalic phase makes the essential portion in the whole course, especially its former part being chiefly, at least, of the nervous origin.
The facts, that a certain food-stuffs, such as plain boiled rice, fermented soja-beans, etc, are incapable in certain dogs to cause an abundant output of gastric juice, are solely due to the fact that they evokes only poor appetite. If those dogs will be accustomed to take those food-stuffs, then gastric secretion will be increased by and by, and finally reach maximum amount just as by other stuffs, which evoke always good appetite, and accordingly an abundant outflow of gastric juice.
The fact that the fictitious feeding of a brief period, such as 3 minut;s, causes a long continuned secretion of gastric juice, such as two to three hours, contrary to a brief secretion of saliva, such as 5 minutes, on the same procedure, shows a long persistence of the central mechanism of gastric secretion. In accordance with this fact the conditional reflex of gastric secretion does not disappear easily, after the conditional stimulus has been discontinued, but continues considerably long, also contrast to the salivary secretion.
The establishment of the Eck fistula incrases the gastric secretion on the fictitious feeding, but only in the latter half of the secretion period, and in a relatively small amount, contrary to the experiments with the Pavlov pouch.
On the other hand, the constriction of the portal vein above the mesenterial vein causes an abundant outflow of gastric juice, just as from the dog with the Pavlov pouch and the Eck fistula.
Some considerations or further experiments are needed to explain both data, just mentioned, and the data on the gastric secretion from the dogs with the Eck fistula, reported by Lebedinskaja, Gerez and Weiss, Murata (3), and Ka (2), altogether.View full abstractDownload PDF (395K) -
IV. The Influences of Hormones and Others upon Melanin Production. Preliminary ReportMasahiko Watanabe1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 372
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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CII. On the Jelly of Toad and Frog Eggs. First ReportNoboru Hiyama1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 373-378
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Glycidamins were prepared from the jelly of toad (Bufo vulgaris formosus Boulenger) and frog (Rana japonica Guenther) eggs.
2. The toad mucinogen and mucin involved hexosamine and galac-tose in the molecular ratio of 2:3 and the frog mucinogen in the corres-ponding ratio of 1:2. Methylpentose was detected but was small. 3. Galactose of the toad mucinogen hydrochloride was identified as the methylphenylhydrazone.
4. The preparations from the toad jelly were found A group-active, but those from the frog jelly not.
We are indebted to the Grant Committee for Scientific Researches. of the Education Department for a grant which covered the expenses of this work.View full abstractDownload PDF (340K) -
CII. On the Jelly of Toad and Frog Eggs. Second Report: Hexosamine in the Toad MucinNoboru Hiyama1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 379-383
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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V. The Relationship between Pigment Production and Ferments Peroxydase and Indophenolase Preliminary ReportMasahiko Watanabe1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 384
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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CIV. On the Jelly of Toad and Frog Eggs. Third Report: Hexosamine in the Frog MucinNoboru Hiyama1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 385-387
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Hajime Masamune, Zensaku Yosizawa1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 388
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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I. The Number of Tubercle Bacilli in all the Sputum that a Tuberculosis Patient Spits a DayYasue Okada1949 Volume 50 Issue 3-4 Pages 389-398
Published: June 30, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMaking use of the smear preparation and of culture, I tried to count up the tubercle bacilli in the sputum for one day.
The experiment ended in such result as is shown below.
The result through the smear preparation method:-
Gaffky I-10, 000-50, 000 bacilli in the sputum for one day Gaffky
II-20, 000-6, 000, 000
Gaffky III-15, 000, 000-30, 000, 000
Gaffky IV-VI-50, 000, 000 or there abouts
Gaffky VII-100, 000, 000-200, 000, 000
Gaffky above VIII-more than 200, 000, 000.
Not a few cases show that the number of the bacilli in the sputum for one day differs greatly in accordance with the quantity of the sputu, though the same number of Gaffky's Table is assigned to them.
At the same time I tried to solve the problem how many bacilli in 1cc will make a positive smear preparation.
The number of the bacilli obtained through microscopic observation of the sputum of patient runs as follows.
Gaffky I-1, 000-3, 000 (or 5, 000)
Gaffky II-5, 000-300, 000
Gaffky III-300, 000-500, 000.
Meanwhile some 7, 000 in 1cc will hardly have the bacilli revealed under the microscope in the mixture of the sputum and the bacilli. Up to 50, 000 there can be found hardly any difference, though in case of 50, 000 a success is nearly always assured.
Gaffky I includes them, up to 90, 000. In case of 100, 000 it is quite sure to find them, which will rank Gaff ky II.
The results of oth methods begin to correspond with each other at the middle part of Gaff ky II.
Comparing the number of the bacilli found in a smear preparation with that in the culture, we notice that, in case of Gaffky I and II, the former is greater than the latter and viceversa above Gaffky VI. Both of them are nearly equal in case of Gaff ky IV and V.View full abstractDownload PDF (548K)
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