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Volume 65 (1956 - 195･･･
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- Issue 2-3 Pages 107-
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Volume 65, Issue 2-3
Displaying 1-23 of 23 articles from this issue
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I. Effects of Several Autonomic Drugs on the Predisposition to Convulsions, the Action Potentials of the Autonomic Nerves and the BrainTomohiko Onuma1957 Volume 65 Issue 2-3 Pages 107-120
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Five “autonomic drugs;” (adrenalin, pilocarpine, atropine, hexamethonium, and chlorpromazine) were tested, with 25 adult rabbits, for their effects on the predisposition to convulsions and the relations of these effects with the action potentials of the autonomic nerves and the brain.
2. The predisposition of the same rabbit to convulsions remained almost unchanged within a short period of time. In the frequency histogram for each action potential, the peak was always situated between 39.2 and 24 cycles per second.
3. Of the two types of the autonomic nerves, the sympathetic had the largest effect: its overaction increased predisposition to convulsions, and its inhibition decreased it.
4. The “autonomic drugs” used had selective effects on the action potentials of the autonomic nerves:
a) Adrenalin decreased sympathetic fast waves (39.2 to 24 cycles per second).
b) Pilocarpine increased vagus intermediate waves (15.5 to 9.8 cycles per second).
c) Atropine increased vagus fast waves (39.2 cycles or more per second).
d) Hexamethonium and chlorpromazine decreased amplitude and increased fast waves (39.2 cycles or more per second) of both nerves.
5. In electroencephalograms, there were observed an increase of slow waves (6.2 to 3.9 cycles per second) by adrenalin, an increase of intermediate waves (15.5 to 9.8 cycles per second) by pilocarpine, no remarkable change by atropine, and a prolongation of the period by hexamethonium and chlorpromazine. Direct relations with the predisposition to convulsions could hardly be seen.View full abstractDownload PDF (689K) -
II. Changes in Action Potential of the Autonomic Nerves and the Brain under Conditions for Increasing the Predisposition to ConvulsionsTomohiko Onuma1957 Volume 65 Issue 2-3 Pages 121-129
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. It was demonstrated with 21 rabbits that causation of alkalosis, ligation of the carotid artery, administration of excess water, and acetylcholine application to the cerebral cortex were capable of increasing the predisposition to convulsions. Examination was made of the action potentials of the autonomic nerves and the brain under these five conditions (including intravenous injection of metrazol alone).
2. From the changes in action potential of the autonomic nerves, the conditions for increasing the predisposition to convulsions may be classified into three types: sympathetic, sympathetic-parasympathetic, and parasympathetic. Under a condition of increasing the predisposition to convulsions, there is brought about a state of unbalance in action potential between the sympathetic and the parasympathetic, In this respect, the importance of the excessively tonic state of the sympathetic has been emphasized.
3. Causation of alkalosis and application of acetylcholine to the cerebral cortex belong to the sympathetic type, and are characterized by a decrease of fast waves (39.2 to 24 cycles per second) in the sympathetic.
4. Intravenous injection of metrazol and ligation of the carotid artery belong to the sympathetic-parasympathetic type, and are characterized by a decrease of fast waves (39.2 to 24 cycles per second) in the sympathetic and an increase of intermediate waves (15.5 to 9.8 cycles per second) in the vagus.
5. Administration of excess water belongs to the parasympathetic type, and is characterized by an increase of intermediate waves (15.5 to 9.8 cycles per second) in the vagus.
6. The changes in the EEG under conditions for increasing the predisposition to convulsions are characterized by a prolongation of the period and increase of intermediate waves (15.5 to 6.2 cycles per second) and slow waves (6.2 to 2.4 cycles per second).View full abstractDownload PDF (472K) -
Ikuro Tanaka1957 Volume 65 Issue 2-3 Pages 130
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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III. Changes in Action Potential of the Autonomic Nerves and the Brain under Conditions for Decreasing the Predisposition to ConvulsionsTomohiko Onuma1957 Volume 65 Issue 2-3 Pages 131-138
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. With 10 rabbits and 4 cats it was demonstrated that the predis-position to convulsions were decreased by the following three conditions: barbiturate anesthetization, causation of ketosis, and bilateral thalamic destruction. Changes in action potential of the autonomic nerves and the brain under these conditions were examined.
2. There were observed no fundamental differences between the cat and the rabbit in action potential of the autonomic nerves and the brain, and the frequency histogram for each action potential had its peak in the range between 39.2 and 24 cycles per second in all cases.
3. Barbiturate anesthesia and ketosis brought about an increase of fast waves (39.2 cycles or more per second) in the action potentials of the vagus and the sympathetic, while thalamic destruction and barbiturate anesthesia caused a decrease in amplitude. It has been concluded that these predisposition-decreasing conditions act on both the vagus and the sympathetic in an inhibitory manner.
4. As for the brain potential, there was seen no definite tendency : Barbiturate anesthesia and thalamic destruction prolonged the period, while ketosis shortened it.View full abstractDownload PDF (406K) -
Mizu Kojima, Tutomu Watanuki1957 Volume 65 Issue 2-3 Pages 139-144
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe worked out this method of vital staining for fat and showed its method in a concrete way. We think this method of staining to be very much serviciable for the research of the nature of fat cells, especially their relation to the RES cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (1019K) -
Masayoshi Wake1957 Volume 65 Issue 2-3 Pages 145-155
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. In this experiments a special apparatus to compress the eyeball was devised, and effects of pressure on the electrical excitability of the dark-adapted eye were investigated.
2. The intensity of the electrical test stimulus, a rectangular pulse of 0.1 second was increased step by step from a subthreshold level, and threshold voltages necessary to evoke the minimal electrical phosphene were determined.
The electrical excitability or reciprocal of threshold was expressed in percentage of the resting level.
3. When pressure of 100-400g. was applied to the eyeball, the electrical excitability decreased rapidly within a few seconds, and then remained constant for about 4-5 seconds, to be followed by a second rapid decrease. The steady level mentioned above remained always above 50% of the resting level. There was a linear relation between the intensity of pressure and the decrease of excitability caused by the pressure.
4. The effect of pressure of 1-10 seconds in duration and 100-200g. in intensity remained unchanged about 3 seconds after removal of the pressure, and it took 5-10 seconds for complete recovery.
5. With the same pressure apparatus the critical value of pressure required to stop retinal circulation was determined by means of an ophthalmoscope in three subjects, and values 460-480 g. were obtained.
6. In order to investigate the effect of pressure on the photosensitivity, dark-adaptation curves were determined under pressure by Nagel's adaptometer, and it was found that light thresholds were increased by pressure in both cone- and rod-branches of dark-adaptation curves.
All these findings have provided evidence that the electrical excitability of the eye is determined by the state of the retina.
The writer is greatly indebted to Prof. K. Motokawa, under whose guidance this investigation was performed, for his generous advice and valuable suggestions throughout the course of the experiment and the preparation of the manuscript.View full abstractDownload PDF (505K) -
Hideshige Imai1957 Volume 65 Issue 2-3 Pages 156
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Hajime Masamune, Sen-itiroh Hakomori, Sigetosi Kamiyama, Mei Satake, K ...1957 Volume 65 Issue 2-3 Pages 157-167
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Sphingosine-N-(N-acetyl)-galactosaminido-4-β-galactoside (I), dihydrosphingosine-N-(N-acetyl)-galactosaminido-4-β-galactoside (II), α-glutamyl-(α, α'-dipalmitylglycerophosphoryl) -ethanolamine=N- (N-acetyl)-galactosaminido-4-β-galactoside (III), sphingosine-N-glucosido-6-β-galacto-side (IV), sphingosine-N-galactosido-4-β-galactoside (V), sphingosine-N-melibioside (VI) and -γ-glutamyl-(α, α'-dipalmitylglycerophosphoryl)-ethanolamine-N-melibioside (VII) were synthesized and examined regard-ing their potencies inhibiting hemagglutination of A, B and O erythrocytes by antisera.
2. I-IV are inhibitory to the agglutination of all A, B and O ery-throcytes although the inhibition degree varies from compound to com-pound and from antiserum to antiserum. V is not active at all. VI is specifically Group O(H) active, whereas VII which contains melibiose like VI is specifically Group B active, though weak. The disaccharides employed for the synthesis of the N-glycosides in 1., galactose, melibiose, lactose, raffinose and stachyose are devoid of any of those inhibitory powers.
3. Based on the findings, the spatial configuration of O substances is discussed.
Through the Grant Committee for Scientific Researches the Ministry of Education gave a grant in aid to us, which is gratefully acknowledged. H. Masamune.View full abstractDownload PDF (614K) -
CXCIV. An Improvement of the Fractionated Determination Method by Paper Partition Chromatography of Glucosamine and GalactosamineHajime Masamune, Zensaku Yosizawa1957 Volume 65 Issue 2-3 Pages 169-176
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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CXCV. Digestion of the Group O and AO Mucopolysaccharides from Pig Stomach Mucus by the O Enzyme from B. fulminansZensaku Yosizawa1957 Volume 65 Issue 2-3 Pages 177-185
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The action of the O enzyme from B. fulminans (Iseki and Masaki) upon the Group O and AO substances from pig stomach mucus was inhibited undoubtedly by L-fucose.
2. The enzyme decomposed galactosamine slightly.
3. The enzyme destroyed Group O activity of the Group O and AO mucopolysaccharides, with cleaving off of about 2/3 and 1/2 respectively of L-fucose, deprivation of rotatory power and decrease of glucosamine/ galactosamine ratio. The undialyzable digestion products used more iodine than the respective substrates.View full abstractDownload PDF (973K) -
CXCVI. Comparison among Blood Group A, B and O Mucopolysaccharides from Human Gastric JuicesHajime Masamune, Zensaku Yosizawa, Katuhiko Tokita1957 Volume 65 Issue 2-3 Pages 187-194
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The Group A, B and O mucopolysaccharides differ from one another in glucosamine/galactosamine ratio. The Group A and O substances resemble each other and the Group B substance diverges from them in sialic acid content. The corresponding analytical figures of the other sugar components are similar to one another among the three muco-polysaccharides. As for optical rotation, the Group A substance is dextrorotatory, while the B and O substances are levorotatory and that to like extents.
2. The O enzyme from B. fulminans destroys the Oactivity of all the group mucopolysaccharides, accompanied by splitting off of a part of L-fucose and reduction of glucosamine/galactosamine ratio.
The expenses of this work were defrayed by a grant which was given from the Ministry of Education through the Grant Committee for Scientific Researches. H. Masamune.View full abstractDownload PDF (738K) -
CXCVII. Glucidamins in Yoshida SarcomaKohtaroh Hasizume1957 Volume 65 Issue 2-3 Pages 195-204
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Three glucidamins, insoluble (I) and soluble (II, III) in 90% phenol, were isolated from tumor knods on the rat omentum majus of Yoshida sarcoma in an electrophoretically pure or almost pure state.
2. The glucidamins were found to contain galactosamine, glucosamine, galactose, glucose, mannose, L-fucose and xylose and/or lyxose as sugar components in molecular proportions and amounts different from one glucidamin to another. I was comparatively rich in glucose and pentose, II in hexosamine, glucose and mannose and III in hexosamine and mannose.
3. I contained aspartic and glutamic acids, cystine, serine, glycine, lysine, threonine, arginine, alanine, proline and valine and/or methionine as amino acids, and II and III tyrosine besides those amino acids.
4. Other properties, physical and chemical, of the glucidamins were also examined.
Many thanks are due to Dr. H. Sato in the Pharmacological Institution, Tokyo, who kindly gave the sarcoma material, for the gift and to Dr. S. Tsuiki in this laboratory for his ardent help throughout this investigation. K. Hasizume.
The expenses of this work were defrayed by a grant given from the Ministry of Education through the Grant Committee for Scientific Researches. H. Masamune.View full abstractDownload PDF (816K) -
I. Bronchiectasis Experimentally Produced in DogKenji Honda, Yutaka Shibota, Isao Saito, Fumio Yamamura, Setsuzo Ono, ...1957 Volume 65 Issue 2-3 Pages 205-211
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith a view to elucidating the origin of bronchiectasis, four series of experiments were performed. When valvular incomplete obstruction was combined with the homolateral resection of the vagus nerve, bronchiectasis was readily produced.View full abstractDownload PDF (1508K) -
II. Histologic Study of Changes in the Mucous Membrane of BronchusKenji Honda, Yutaka Shibota, Makoto Asakura, Nobuo Kimura, Satoru Abe1957 Volume 65 Issue 2-3 Pages 213-221
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMicroscopic examination was made of serial sections from 10 resected lungs to study changes in the epithelium of the mucous membrane, with the results that precancerous changes were recognized in 4 of the 10 cases.View full abstractDownload PDF (2736K) -
Kenji Honda, Shun Ohyama, Mitsuo Sato, Masamoto Murooka, Setsuzo Ono, ...1957 Volume 65 Issue 2-3 Pages 223-227
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Fumitoshi Shimizu1957 Volume 65 Issue 2-3 Pages 229-236
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEmploying the method of paper chromatograph, examination was made on amino acids in gastric juice in cases with gastric cancer, gastric and duodenal ulcers and other diseases. It was found that in gastric cancer cases several amino acids, expecially leucine, valine and alanine, appeared remarkably.
Thanks are due to Dr. Gunji Tomita of the Biological Institute of the Tohoku University for his kind guidance in chromatographic techniques.View full abstractDownload PDF (404K) -
Juzaburo Umetsu, Kiitiro Suzuki1957 Volume 65 Issue 2-3 Pages 237-240
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe value of electric flicker (EFV) of 6 healthy female subjects aged 16 years were measured, extending over 2 and a half months to examine the effect of the menstrual cycle on EFV.
EFV increased in the menstrual phase above the values obtained in the pre- and the post-menstrual phases; the average of EFV during men-struation was 286.8 mV, while those in the pre- and the postmenstrual phases were 124.4 and 124 mV respectively. The difference between the values for the menstrual and the non-menstrual phases was found statistically significant. This fact provides further evidence that the method of electric flicker is a sensitive method to find subnormal states of subjects.
We are greatly indebted to Prof. K. Motokawa for his many valuable discussions and kind guidance.View full abstractDownload PDF (201K) -
I. Production and Treatment of Fatty Liver Cirrhosis of Albino RatsShozo Nakamura1957 Volume 65 Issue 2-3 Pages 241-253
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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II. Influences of Temperature and Nutrition on the Production of Cirrhosis of the LiverTakashi Nakamura, Shozo Nakamura, Kanae Sugawara, Yoshiaki Katakura, T ...1957 Volume 65 Issue 2-3 Pages 255-268
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (702K) -
VIII. Chemical Comparison between DNAs of Human Placenta and of Human Spleen First Report: On Composition and Physical PropertiesMutuo Sakamoto1957 Volume 65 Issue 2-3 Pages 269-279
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Deoxyribonucleic acids were isolated as sodium salts from human spleen and placenta in a state as pure and highly polymerized as possible, and compared with each other.
Fig. 3. Relative viscosities of the watery solutions of the splenic DNA (Prep. 4) (_??_) and of the placental DNA (Prep. 5') (_??_). Temperature 25°C
2. Although the splenic DNA preparations were mostly not contaminated with more than 1% pentosenucleic acid, those from placentas contained even 4-5% pentosenucleic acid.
3. The DNAs resemble each other in composition.
4. Although they gave similar values of ε(P)max in water which show poor reproducibility, the placental-DNA preparations gave definitely lower ε(P)max values than the splenic-DNA preparations in 0.01N NaOH as against the corresponding values of the respective DNA preparations in water.
5. The both DNAs became more absorptive when heated in water at 70, 80 and 90°C. The higher the temperature of heating was, the higher was elevation of the absorptivities. The placental DNA showed the same elevation at 90 and 100°C contrary to the splenic DNA, which
Fig. 4. Skin reaction of the splenic DNA and placental DNA.
became still more absorptive at the latter temperature than at the former.
6. The placental DNA gave less viscous solutions than the splenic DNA. The findings in 4. to 6. above suggest a lower polymerization grade of the placental DNA than that of the splenic DNA.
7. The placental DNA is less dextrorotatory than the splenic DNA. 8. The placental DNA shows more intensive skin reaction in cancer patients than the splenic.
Thanks are due to the Ministry of Health and Welfare for a grant in aid to us, which is gratefully acknowledged. H. Masamune.View full abstractDownload PDF (517K) -
IX. Chemical Comparison between DNAs of Human Placenta and of Human Spleen Second Report: Regarding Partial Degradation ProductsMutuo Sakamoto1957 Volume 65 Issue 2-3 Pages 281-286
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The DNAs of human spleen and of human placenta were partially degraded with acids and the products were compared with one another.
2. No discrepancy was found in most respects between the corre-sponding degradation products of the DNAs, but two products from the placental DNA rotate D-light more to the right than the corresponding products from the other DNA, which is opposite to the relationship between the DNAs themselves.
3. The DNAs are fairly stable to acids after elimination of purines.
4. Thus it has been found that the placental DNA differs from the splenic DNA in mutual linkage of the components in the pyrimidinenucleic acid moiety.
The Ministry of Health and Welfare gave a grant in aid to us, which is gratefully acknowledged. H. Masamune.View full abstractDownload PDF (278K) -
X. Chemical Comparison between DNAs of Human Placenta and of Human Spleen Third Report: Schiff Reaction of the DNAs during the Course of Acid HydrolysisMutuo Sakamoto1957 Volume 65 Issue 2-3 Pages 287-291
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Schiff reaction has been made up into a quantitative-analytical method for determination of deoxyribose with free carbonyl in degraded DNAs.
2. Occurrence of the Schiff-positive residue was followed up during mild acid hydrolyses of DNAs from human placenta and spleen.
3. The Schiff-positive residue was produced more quickly from the placental DNA than from the splenic DNA, in other words, purines in the placental DNA are less stably linked than those in the splenic DNA. After reaching the maximum, the intensities of the reaction of the DNAs were nearly the same within 16 hours and then decreased gradually. The maximum values equaled each other.
The expenses of this work were defrayed by a grant from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, which is gratefully acknowledged. H. Masamune.View full abstractDownload PDF (242K) -
Tamotsu Takishima1957 Volume 65 Issue 2-3 Pages 293-306
Published: February 25, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (617K)
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