The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine

Factors Determining the Degree of Visual Defieit Following Ablation of the Inferotemporal Neocortex

Eiichi Iwai, Junji Okuda, Takeshi Ishitoya

1962 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
Published: February 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.76.1

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Based on instrumental conditioned avoidance responses, the effect of difficulty of visual task and that of the number of preoperative post-criterional trials as overtraining were studied on the degree of visual impairment following bilateral ablation of the neocortex in gyrus temporalis inferior and polus temporalis. Eleven dogs were trained on either a more difficult problem a or an easier problem β, concerning discrimination of flickering rate. Each dog was then given either 900 or 460 post-criterional trials as overtraining. Following bilateral inferotemporal ablation, the dogs were retrained to the criterional level on the same problem as before operation. The data obtained indicate that (1) the more difficult the discrimination tasks, the greater the relearning scores, (2) the greater the number of trials as overtraining, the less the relearning scores and (3) the visual performance of the preoperatively learned discrimination was not affected in the control dogs which received bilateral ablation of gyrus ectosylvius or unilateral removal of the inferotemporal lobe. It is obvious from the above findings that both factors, overtraining and difficulty of tasks, are important in evaluating the effect of ablation of the inferotemporal lobe on the visual deficit.
We wish to thank Prof. K. Motokawa for his invaluable discussion and suggestion throughout the course of the experiment and the preparation of the manuscript.

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Functional Activity of the Apocrine Sweat Gland in the Goat

Shoji Kimura, Tsuyoshi Aoki

1962 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 8-22
Published: February 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.76.8

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1. Functional activity of the apocrine sweat glands in the hairy skin of the goat was investigated.
2. Adrenaline and noradrenaline were always effective in eliciting local sweating, but isopropylnoradrenaline, ephedrine, acetylcholine, mecholyl, carbaminoylcholine, pilocarpine, nicotine, tetramethylammonium, and histamine were usually ineffective.
3. The exposure of the animal body to heat resulted in a spontaneous sweating on the general hairy skin surface, which was blocked by dihydroergotamine in relatively low concentrations and also by atropine in relatively high concetrations. This sweating was abolished or markedly reduced by sympathectomy.
4. Direct application of radiant heat to a restricted skin area induced a localized sweating which was highly resistant to dihydroergotamine, atropine and procaine.
5. The innervation of the goat apocrine glands was discussed.
We wish to express our thanks to Professor Masao Wada for his advice and guidance throughout this work and also for performing sympathectomy for us.

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An Aggravation of Folic Acid Deficieney by An Administration of VitaminB₁₂ upon Children with Nutritional Dystrophy

Zenichiro Kudo

1962 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 23-33
Published: February 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.76.23

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VitaminB₁₂ was given in an amount of 25γ per day for a period of one year to children with nutritional dystrophy. A marked rise of blood vitaminB₁₂ levels was reached on the 5th month of the vitaminB₁₂ administration, and thereafter blood vitaminB₁₂ levels showed a decrease in spite of continued doses of the vitamin.
Urinary excretion of folic acid was not influenced by the administration of vitaminB₁₂.
Urinary output of formiminoglutamic acid was found more frequently even in summer in cases with the vitaminB₁₂ administration than in those without same.

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Aggravation of Folic Acid Deficiency by VitaminB₁₂ Administration on Children with Nutritional Dystrophy; From View-point of Nuclear Shift of Neutrophils

Takashi Abe

1962 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 34-52
Published: February 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.76.34

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Ovarian Transplantation for the Treatment of Gonadal Anomalies

Masakuni Suzuki, Shuji Akiyama, Mineko Fukushima

1962 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 53-62
Published: February 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.76.53

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The New Treatment for Impaired Uterine Function

Masakuni Suzuki, Kazuhiko Endo, Akio Sasaki, Mineko Fukushima

1962 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 63-73
Published: February 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.76.63

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Histologische und Histochemische Untersuchungen über das Leichenwachs

Kinshi Mitsuki

1962 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 74-88
Published: February 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.76.74

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Im vorangehenden Abschnitt bin ich in eine allgemeine Besprechung über die histologischen, besonders histochemischen Befunde des Leichenwachses eingegangen. Nach bis heute veröffentlichten biochemischen Beobachtungen enthält das Leichenwachs in Muskeln und Weichteilen, mit Ausnahme von Drüsen, kristallene oder amorphe Fettsäuren und Seifen, vor allem Ammonium-, Magnesium- und Calciumsalz von Palmitin- und Stearinsäure (T. ITO). Das Leichenwachs enthält auβer sogenannten tierischen Fettsäuren α-Monostearinsäure, ein Derivat von Stearinsäure (T. MITA). LITTAN und MARSCHAL (1917) weisen darauf hin, daβ Hydrooxystearinsäure eine charakteristische Komponente des Leichenwachses ist. Die Tatache, daβ Fettsäureseifen, Fettsäurekalksalz, Kalksalze, Cholesterin-Palmitinsäureester und Fettsäurekristalle auch durch meine histochemischen und optischen Untersuchungen nachgewiesen worden sind, bestätigt die Ergebnisse von anderen Forschern. Über das Verhältnis zwischen Fäulnisprozessen und Anfärbbarkeit des Gewebes hat NATORI (1924) folgendes mitgeteilt. Unter den parenchymatösen Organen verliert die Leber in der ersten Linie die Färbbarkeit der Zellkerne, dann folgen die Milz, die Lungen und die Nieren in der Geschwindigkeit der Fäulnisprozesse. Somit ist die Niere am widerstandsfähigsten gegen Fäulnis unter den parenchymatösen Organen. Das Muskelgewebe und andere Organe verlieren die Kernfärbbarkeit ungefähr in gleichem Stadium, obgleich die quergestreiften Muskelfasern verhältnismäβig länger erhalten bleiben. Der Muskel fällt dem Bindegewebe gegen-über viel rascher dem Zerfall anheim. In meinen Präparaten wird gut erhaltenes Bindegewebe dargestellt, obwohl die Zellkerne und Muskelfasern nicht mehr nachweisbar sind. In Bezug auf die Erhaltung des Bindegewebes stimmen diese beiden Resultate (NATORI und MITSUKI) bis zu einem gewissen Punkt gut miteinander überein. Das Hirngewebe bleibt verhältnismäβig länger erhalten und stellt auch in meiner eigenen Beobachtung überhaupt das wider-standsfähigste Organ gegen die Fäulnis dar. Daβ in einem Muskelstück (E) Kalkreaktion versagt hat, ist wahrscheinlich darauf zurückzuführen, daβ Kalksalz in diesem Muskelstück wegen mangelhafter Zufuhr von hartem Wasser nicht gebildet worden war. Cholesterinentstehung in allen Organen ist durch Polarisationsmikroskopie deutlich nachzuweisen. Es muβ aber betont werden, daβ wir ohne Hilfe von Biochemikern durch Polarisationsmikroskopie und histologische Färbungen allein zur Zeit nicht in der Lage sind, zur genügenden Erkenntnis über die Leichenwachsentstehung zu gelangen. Es wird noch lange dauern, bis hinreichende Färbungen gefunden werden, mit denen wir die Leichenwachsentstehung genauer analysieren und verstehen können.

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The Mechanism of Secretion of Sex-Steroids and the Effect of Gonadotropin on the Sex-Steroids Production

Masakuni Suzuki, Katsuyuki Takahashi, Mutsuo Hirano, Kunio Shindo

1962 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 89-99
Published: February 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.76.89

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Results of recent experiments on effects of gonadotropin and physiology of sex hormones production in the sex gland were reported in short. Biological, chemical, biochemical, histochemical and electron-microscopical methods were used in this paper.

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Hydrazinolysis of Simple Polysaccharides

Zensaku Yosizawa, Tokutaro Sato

1962 Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 100-105
Published: February 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.76.100

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Soluble starch and glycogen were subjected to the hydrazinolysis and the non-dialyzable and dialyzable fractions of the hydrazinolyzates were examined.
Very small amounts of the hydrazinolyzed products passed through cellophane membranes and negligible amounts of pentoses (arabinose and xylose) were found in the hydrazinolyzed products.

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