The validity of measurement of activity and iso-enzymatic analysis of β-glucuronidase in basal gastric juice as one of tools for the diagnosis of gastric cancer has been evaluated. β-gl. activity was measured by the method described by Tsukamoto. Iso-enzymatic analysis was performed with starch block electrophoresis.
Followings are the results.
1) 9 of 13 cases of early gastric cancer and 37 of 41 advanced gastric cancer showed activity higher than 1200 units of β-gl.
2) 2 cases of 47 benign gastric ulcer and 7 cases of 59 atrophic gastritis showed the activity higher than 1200 units.
3) Homogenate of gastric cancer tissue showed higher specific activity of β-gl. than that of the gastric mucosa of normal, ulcer and gastritis cases.
4) Starch block electrophoresis of homogenate of gastric cancer tissue or cancerous mucosa for β-gl. showed four peaks; 2 small peaks on the anodal side, one small peak on the origin, and one big peak on the cathodal side. These peaks are tentatively called peak I, II, III, IV, respectively. Homogenate of normal mucosa shows only peak III, IV, and no difference of electrophoretic patterns were found among antrum, lesser curvature and greater curvature of the body of the stomach. In cases of atrophic gastritis or ulcer, either peak I, III, IV, or peak III, IV, were noted.
5) Gastric juice of normal controls, atrophic gastritis or peptic ulcer showed either peak I, IV or peak IV. On the other hand, gastric juice of gastric cancer showed characteristic patterns; the presence of peak II and/or III was almost specific and was found in 18 out of 19 cancer cases, including 4 cases of early cancer. Only 2 of 30 controls showed peak I, III, IV pattern. These were severe cases of diffuse gastritis erosiva.
6) In conclusion, electrophoretic analysis as well as measurement of activity of β-gl. could be one of supplemental tools for the diagnosis of gastric cancer.
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