In order to study the relationship between histological changes and functions of the gastric mucosa of chronic gastritis, the gastric mucosa obtained by suction biopsy was studied by a histochemical method.
Enzyme activities (alkaline and acid phosphatase) of the mucosa of gastritis was compared with histological changes of the mucosa, and following results were obtained.
1) For histochemical studies of the normal mucosa and mucosa of chronic gastritis, the most suitable tissue was obtained by suction biopsy under fluoroscopy and by gastrocamera examination.
2) The best histological slide was made with a frozen section cut in a cryostadt.
3) Alkaline and acid phosphatase acitivities were investigated by the modified Gomori's method with sodium glycerophosphate as substrate. The sections were incubated for 90 minutes.
4) In the normal mucosa of the body and antrum, the surface epithelium and capillary wall revealed positive alkaline phosphatase activity and other area did negative. With appearance of superficial changes of the mucosa, however, positive activity of the capillary wall became much more evident. The surface epithelium of the antrum with atrophic gastritis revealed false positive activity.
The mucosa revealed positive activity together with metaplasia. The lymph follicles appeared together with progression of atrophic changes of the mucosa and showed positive enzyme activity. On the other hand, gastric acidity was decreased with progression ofatrophic change of the mucosa, Therefore, acidity seemed to be closely correlated with alkaline phos phatase activity.
5) Acid phosphatase activity was negative in the surface epithelium of the body. But one of 7 cases showed false positive.
The activity was false positive in the surface epithelium of the antrum and positive in the intestinal metaplasia.
The parietal cells of the gland cells showed negative activity. The chief cells and pyloric gland showed positive. But the neck chief cells did positive or false positive.
There were no remarkable changes of enzyme activities of the cells although there were some variations of activity in numbers with appearance of the atrophic change or metaplasia of the mucosa.
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